महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-46

क्षमेदशक्तः सर्वस्य शक्तिमान्धर्मकारणात् ।
अर्थानर्थौ समौ यस्य तस्य नित्यं क्षमा हिता ॥४६॥

46. kṣamedaśaktaḥ sarvasya śaktimāndharmakāraṇāt ,
arthānarthau samau yasya tasya nityaṁ kṣamā hitā.

46. kṣamet aśaktaḥ sarvasya śaktimān dharmakāraṇāt
artha anarthau samau yasya tasya nityam kṣamā hitā

46. An incapable person should forgive all, and a powerful person should forgive for the sake of their intrinsic nature (dharma). For one to whom gain and loss are regarded as equal, forgiveness (kṣamā) is always beneficial.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षमेत् (kṣamet) - he should forgive, he should be patient

• अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - incapable, unable, powerless

• सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of everyone (of all, of everyone, of everything)

• शक्तिमान् (śaktimān) - a powerful person (powerful, mighty, capable)

• धर्मकारणात् (dharmakāraṇāt) - for the sake of natural law (dharma), on account of duty/righteousness

• अर्थ (artha) - gain (gain, profit, meaning, purpose)

• अनर्थौ (anarthau) - loss (misfortune, loss, evil)

• समौ (samau) - equal, same, indifferent

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience, forbearance

• हिता (hitā) - beneficial, salutary, good, advantageous

Words meanings and morphology

क्षमेत् (kṣamet) - he should forgive, he should be patient

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of kṣam

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root 'kṣam' (class 1) in the optative mood, active voice.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - incapable, unable, powerless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - incapable, unable, powerless, weak

Compound of negative prefix 'a-' and 'śakta' (Past Passive Participle of root 'śak').

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śakta – able, capable, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śak' (to be able).
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Refers to the subject who should forgive.

सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of everyone (of all, of everyone, of everything)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

शक्तिमान् (śaktimān) - a powerful person (powerful, mighty, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaktimat

śaktimat - powerful, mighty, capable, having strength

Possessive adjective formed with suffix '-mat' from 'śakti' (power).

Note: Refers to a powerful person (implied noun).

धर्मकारणात् (dharmakāraṇāt) - for the sake of natural law (dharma), on account of duty/righteousness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dharmakāraṇa

dharmakāraṇa - cause/reason of dharma, for the sake of duty/righteousness

Compound of 'dharma' and 'kāraṇa'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kāraṇa)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument, motive, origin
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्थ (artha) - gain (gain, profit, meaning, purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, object, material prosperity

Note: Forms part of the dvandva compound 'arthānarthau'.

अनर्थौ (anarthau) - loss (misfortune, loss, evil)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anartha

anartha - misfortune, loss, evil, senseless, useless

Compound of negative prefix 'an-' and 'artha'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (an+artha)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, object, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

Note: In dual form, 'arthānarthau' signifies 'gain and loss' or 'profit and misfortune'.

समौ (samau) - equal, same, indifferent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - same, equal, alike, indifferent, tranquil

Note: Agrees with 'arthānarthau'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience, forbearance

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, forbearance, endurance, the earth

Root: kṣam (class 1)

हिता (hitā) - beneficial, salutary, good, advantageous

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, advantageous, placed, desired

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place, to hold) via its past participle form, 'hita'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'kṣamā'.