महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-57

न तत्परस्य संदध्यात्प्रतिकूलं यदात्मनः ।
संग्रहेणैष धर्मः स्यात्कामादन्यः प्रवर्तते ॥५७॥

57. na tatparasya saṁdadhyātpratikūlaṁ yadātmanaḥ ,
saṁgraheṇaiṣa dharmaḥ syātkāmādanyaḥ pravartate.

57. na tat parasya saṃdadhyāt pratikūlam yat ātmanaḥ
saṃgraheṇa eṣaḥ dharmaḥ syāt kāmāt anyaḥ pravartate

57. One should not do to others what is unfavorable to oneself. In brief, this is the natural law (dharma); anything different from this proceeds from desire.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• परस्य (parasya) - of another, to another, for another

• संदध्यात् (saṁdadhyāt) - one should do, one should treat, one should apply

• प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - unfavorable, adverse, contrary

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, to oneself, for oneself

• संग्रहेण (saṁgraheṇa) - in summary, in brief, by collection

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue

• स्यात् (syāt) - it should be, it would be, it may be

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, from lust, from wish

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, different, other

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, functions, arises, occurs

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used as the object of 'saṃdadhyāt', meaning 'that (which is unfavorable)'.

परस्य (parasya) - of another, to another, for another

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, highest

Note: Governed by 'saṃdadhyāt' in the sense of 'to another'.

संदध्यात् (saṁdadhyāt) - one should do, one should treat, one should apply

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of saṃdhā

Root dhā with prefix sam. The verb saṃdhā means to join, to place together, to direct, to do, to perform, to settle.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Expresses a command or injunction.

प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - unfavorable, adverse, contrary

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratikūla

pratikūla - unfavorable, adverse, contrary, against the current

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• kūla – bank, shore, current, side
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied object 'tat' (that which is unfavorable).

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to 'that which' (pratikūlam) as the subject of the clause 'what is unfavorable to oneself'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, to oneself, for oneself

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Indicates relation or interest, meaning 'to oneself' or 'for oneself'.

संग्रहेण (saṁgraheṇa) - in summary, in brief, by collection

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃgraha

saṁgraha - collection, summary, compression, grasp, comprehension

Derived from root `grah` (to seize, take) with prefix `sam` (together, completely), using the Ghañ-pratyaya (a).

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Indicates the manner or means: 'by way of summary'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to 'dharma'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Derived from root `dhṛ` (to hold, support) with the suffix `man`.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

स्यात् (syāt) - it should be, it would be, it may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, from lust, from wish

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, lust

Derived from root `kam` (to desire, to love) with the suffix `a` (Ghañ-pratyaya).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source or cause.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, different, other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Subject of 'pravartate'.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, functions, arises, occurs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

Root `vṛt` with prefix `pra`. `pravṛt` means to proceed, to act, to arise, to begin, to occur.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)