महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-15

यो ज्ञातिमनुगृह्णाति दरिद्रं दीनमातुरम् ।
स पुत्रपशुभिर्वृद्धिं यशश्चाव्ययमश्नुते ॥१५॥

15. yo jñātimanugṛhṇāti daridraṁ dīnamāturam ,
sa putrapaśubhirvṛddhiṁ yaśaścāvyayamaśnute.

15. yaḥ jñātim anugṛhṇāti daridram dīnam āturam saḥ
putrapaśubhiḥ vṛddhim yaśaḥ ca avyayam aśnute

15. Whoever shows favor to a poor, miserable, and afflicted relative, he attains prosperity (vṛddhi) through sons and cattle, and imperishable (avyaya) fame.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• ज्ञातिम् (jñātim) - kinsman, relative

• अनुगृह्णाति (anugṛhṇāti) - favors, shows kindness to, helps, obliges

• दरिद्रम् (daridram) - poor, indigent

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, distressed, wretched

• आतुरम् (āturam) - sick, afflicted, suffering, diseased

• सः (saḥ) - he

• पुत्रपशुभिः (putrapaśubhiḥ) - with sons and cattle

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, prosperity, increase, success

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, renown

• च (ca) - and, also

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, undecaying, unchanging

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains, obtains, enjoys, reaches

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

ज्ञातिम् (jñātim) - kinsman, relative

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, family member

From root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of anugṛhṇāti.

अनुगृह्णाति (anugṛhṇāti) - favors, shows kindness to, helps, obliges

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anu-grah

Prefix: anu

Root: grah (class 9)

दरिद्रम् (daridram) - poor, indigent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daridra

daridra - poor, needy, indigent

From root daridrā (to be poor)

Root: daridrā (class 2)

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, distressed, wretched

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, distressed, wretched, depressed

From root dī (to decay, be sad)

Root: dī (class 4)

आतुरम् (āturam) - sick, afflicted, suffering, diseased

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - sick, ill, afflicted, suffering

From root tur (to hasten) with prefix ā, or ā (un) + tūra (swift, strong) implying weakness; or related to ātman in the sense of being unwell in body/mind

Prefix: ā

Root: tur (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, used here as correlative to yaḥ

पुत्रपशुभिः (putrapaśubhiḥ) - with sons and cattle

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putrapaśu

putrapaśu - sons and cattle

Compound of putra and paśu

Compound type : dvandva (putra+paśu)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• paśu – cattle, animal, beast
  noun (masculine)

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, prosperity, increase, success

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success

From root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of aśnute.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, splendor

Note: Object of aśnute.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, undecaying, unchanging

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, undecaying, unchangeable

Compound: a (not) + vyaya (expenditure, decay). vyaya from vi-i (to go apart, decay)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-i (to go apart, decay, spend)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains, obtains, enjoys, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 5)