महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39, verse-2

विदुर उवाच ।
अप्राप्तकालं वचनं बृहस्पतिरपि ब्रुवन् ।
लभते बुद्ध्यवज्ञानमवमानं च भारत ॥२॥

2. vidura uvāca ,
aprāptakālaṁ vacanaṁ bṛhaspatirapi bruvan ,
labhate buddhyavajñānamavamānaṁ ca bhārata.

2. viduraḥ uvāca aprāptakālam vacanam bṛhaspatiḥ api
bruvan labhate buddhyavajñānam avamānam ca bhārata

2. Vidura said: O descendant of Bharata, even Brihaspati, if he speaks words at an inappropriate time, incurs disregard for his intelligence and receives disrespect.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise counselor. (Vidura)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अप्राप्तकालम् (aprāptakālam) - Refers to advice given at an inopportune moment. (untimely, at the wrong time, not having arrived at the proper time)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - The advice or counsel given by Brihaspati. (word, speech, advice, statement)

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Even the highly revered preceptor of the gods. (Brihaspati)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even a wise figure like Brihaspati is not immune. (even, also, too)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - While speaking (untimely words). (speaking, saying)

• लभते (labhate) - Incurs or receives disrespect. (obtains, receives, gets)

• बुद्ध्यवज्ञानम् (buddhyavajñānam) - The speaker's intelligence is disregarded. (disregard for intellect, contempt for wisdom)

• अवमानम् (avamānam) - Receives a public insult. (insult, disrespect, humiliation)

• च (ca) - Connects the two consequences (disregard and insult). (and)

• भारत (bhārata) - Address to Dhritarashtra. (O Bharata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise counselor. (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura, wise, intelligent (often used as a proper noun).

Root: vid (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

From root vac (to speak). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

अप्राप्तकालम् (aprāptakālam) - Refers to advice given at an inopportune moment. (untimely, at the wrong time, not having arrived at the proper time)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aprāptakāla

aprāptakāla - untimely, not having arrived at the right time.

Negative compound: a (not) + prāpta (arrived) + kāla (time).

Compound type : nan-bahuvrīhi (a+prāpta+kāla)

• a – not, non-.
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• prāpta – obtained, reached, arrived.
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, season, proper time.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)

वचनम् (vacanam) - The advice or counsel given by Brihaspati. (word, speech, advice, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, statement, advice.

From root vac (to speak) with suffix -ana.

Root: vac (class 2)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Even the highly revered preceptor of the gods. (Brihaspati)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati, lord of prayer, preceptor of the gods, planet Jupiter.

Compound: bṛhat (great) + pati (lord).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bṛhat+pati)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast.
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even a wise figure like Brihaspati is not immune. (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - While speaking (untimely words). (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvant

bruvant - speaking.

Present Active Participle

From root brū (to speak, say).

Root: brū (class 2)

लभते (labhate) - Incurs or receives disrespect. (obtains, receives, gets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present middle

From root labh (to obtain).

Root: labh (class 1)

बुद्ध्यवज्ञानम् (buddhyavajñānam) - The speaker's intelligence is disregarded. (disregard for intellect, contempt for wisdom)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of buddhyavajñāna

buddhyavajñāna - disregard of intellect, contempt for wisdom.

Compound: buddhi (intellect) + avajñāna (disregard, contempt).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (buddhi+avajñāna)

• buddhi – intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception.
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know, perceive).
  Root: budh (class 1)
• avajñāna – disrespect, contempt, disregard, ignorance.
  noun (neuter)
  From root jñā (to know) with ava prefix.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: jñā (class 9)

अवमानम् (avamānam) - Receives a public insult. (insult, disrespect, humiliation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avamāna

avamāna - insult, disrespect, contempt, humiliation.

From root man (to think, respect) with ava prefix.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

च (ca) - Connects the two consequences (disregard and insult). (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भारत (bhārata) - Address to Dhritarashtra. (O Bharata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India.

Derived from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)