महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-8

इदं खलु महाराज श्रुतमासीत्पुरातनम् ।
उपवासविधौ श्रेष्ठा ये गुणा भरतर्षभ ॥८॥

8. idaṁ khalu mahārāja śrutamāsītpurātanam ,
upavāsavidhau śreṣṭhā ye guṇā bharatarṣabha.

8. idam khalu mahārāja śrutam āsīt purātanam
upavāsa-vidhau śreṣṭhāḥ ye guṇāḥ bharatarṣabha

8. mahārāja bharatarṣabha idam purātanam śrutam
khalu āsīt ye guṇāḥ upavāsa-vidhau śreṣṭhāḥ

8. O great king (mahārāja), O best of the Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), this ancient teaching was indeed heard: regarding the excellent qualities (guṇa) associated with the method of fasting.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - ancient teaching (heard, revealed truth, tradition, teaching)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, traditional

• उपवास-विधौ (upavāsa-vidhau) - in the observance of fasting (in the rule/method of fasting)

• श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - best, excellent, superior

• ये (ye) - which, who (nominative plural)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, merits, virtues

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (O bull among Bhāratas, O best of Bhāratas)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing affirmation or emphasis.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √rāj (class 1)

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - ancient teaching (heard, revealed truth, tradition, teaching)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed, sacred tradition, teaching

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `√śru` (to hear).

Root: √śru (class 5)

Note: Used here as a noun meaning 'that which has been heard / tradition'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Mood

3rd person singular Imperfect active of `√as`.

Root: √as (class 2)

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, traditional

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval, traditional

From `purā` (formerly).

Note: Modifies `śrutam`.

उपवास-विधौ (upavāsa-vidhau) - in the observance of fasting (in the rule/method of fasting)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of upavāsa-vidhi

upavāsa-vidhi - rule or method of fasting

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upavāsa+vidhi)

• upavāsa – fasting, a fast
  noun (masculine)
  From `upa` + `√vas` (to dwell, to fast)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: √vas (class 2)
• vidhi – rule, method, injunction, ordinance
  noun (masculine)
  From `√dhā` with `vi`
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √dhā (class 3)

श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - best, excellent, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, superior

Superlative

Superlative degree of `praśasya` (excellent).

Note: Modifies `guṇāḥ`.

ये (ye) - which, who (nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun (masculine nominative plural)

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, merits, virtues

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand, cord

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (O bull among Bhāratas, O best of Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bhāratas, chief of Bhāratas

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)