महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-21

भगदैवं तु यो मासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षपेत् ।
स्त्रीषु वल्लभतां याति वश्याश्चास्य भवन्ति ताः ॥२१॥

21. bhagadaivaṁ tu yo māsamekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet ,
strīṣu vallabhatāṁ yāti vaśyāścāsya bhavanti tāḥ.

21. bhagadaivam tu yaḥ māsam ekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet
strīṣu vallabhatām yāti vaśyāḥ ca asya bhavanti tāḥ

21. tu yaḥ bhagadaivam māsam ekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet
strīṣu vallabhatām yāti ca tāḥ asya vaśyāḥ bhavanti

21. Whoever observes the month of Phālguna, sacred to the deity Bhaga, by eating only once a day, achieves popularity among women, and they become submissive to him.

Words meanings summery:

• भगदैवम् (bhagadaivam) - Refers to the month of Phālguna, which is associated with the deity Bhaga. (the month sacred to Bhaga (Phālguna, February-March))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• मासम् (māsam) - month

• एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - By observing the practice of eating only one meal a day as a form of asceticism. (by eating only once (a day), with a single meal)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend, should pass (time)

• स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women, in women

• वल्लभताम् (vallabhatām) - belovedness, popularity

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

• वश्याः (vaśyāḥ) - obedient, submissive, controllable

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become, are

• ताः (tāḥ) - Refers to the women mentioned earlier in the verse. (they (feminine))

Words meanings and morphology

भगदैवम् (bhagadaivam) - Refers to the month of Phālguna, which is associated with the deity Bhaga. (the month sacred to Bhaga (Phālguna, February-March))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagadaiva

bhagadaiva - having Bhaga as a deity, pertaining to the deity Bhaga

Compound of bhaga (the deity Bhaga) and daiva (divine, related to a deity).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaga+daiva)

• bhaga – the deity Bhaga; fortune, prosperity
  proper noun (masculine)
• daiva – divine, pertaining to gods, a deity
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used here as an adjective agreeing with 'māsam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

मासम् (māsam) - month

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - By observing the practice of eating only one meal a day as a form of asceticism. (by eating only once (a day), with a single meal)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ekabhakta

ekabhakta - eating only once a day, a single meal

Compound of eka (one) and bhakta (meal).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhakta)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (neuter)
• bhakta – meal, food
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root bhaj (to divide, to partake).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Repeated relative pronoun, acting as the subject for the verb `kṣapet`.

क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend, should pass (time)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṣi

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, 1st conjugation, optative mood.

Root: kṣi (class 1)

स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women, in women

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

वल्लभताम् (vallabhatām) - belovedness, popularity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vallabhata

vallabhata - belovedness, dearness, popularity, favor

Derived from vallabha (beloved, dear) with the abstract noun suffix -tā.

याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, 2nd conjugation, present tense.

Root: yā (class 2)

वश्याः (vaśyāḥ) - obedient, submissive, controllable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vaśya

vaśya - obedient, submissive, controllable, dependent

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from the root vaś (to wish, to control) with the suffix -ya.

Root: vaś (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Genitive singular masculine of idam.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become, are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person plural, parasmaipada, 1st conjugation, present tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ताः (tāḥ) - Refers to the women mentioned earlier in the verse. (they (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Feminine plural nominative of tad.