महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-38

यस्तु संवत्सरं पूर्णमेकाहारो भवेन्नरः ।
अतिरात्रस्य यज्ञस्य स फलं समुपाश्नुते ॥३८॥

38. yastu saṁvatsaraṁ pūrṇamekāhāro bhavennaraḥ ,
atirātrasya yajñasya sa phalaṁ samupāśnute.

38. yaḥ tu saṃvatsaram pūrṇam ekāhāraḥ bhavet naraḥ
atirātrasya yajñasya saḥ phalam samupāśnute

38. The man who eats only once a day for a full year obtains the complete reward of the Atirātra (Vedic ritual).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing 'whoever' (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (year)

• पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full (year) (full, complete)

• एकाहारः (ekāhāraḥ) - a person who eats only once a day (one meal, taking one meal)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - is, may be (may be, should be, becomes)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man (man, human being)

• अतिरात्रस्य (atirātrasya) - of the Atirātra (a specific Vedic ritual) (of the Atirātra (a Soma yajña))

• यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the Vedic ritual (of the yajña, of the Vedic ritual)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the man mentioned earlier) (he, that)

• फलम् (phalam) - the reward (fruit, result, reward)

• समुपाश्नुते (samupāśnute) - obtains completely (obtains, reaches, enjoys completely)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing 'whoever' (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration.

पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full (year) (full, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

From root √pṛ 'to fill' + kta suffix

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃvatsaram'.

एकाहारः (ekāhāraḥ) - a person who eats only once a day (one meal, taking one meal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekāhāra

ekāhāra - taking one meal, one who eats only once a day

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (eka+āhāra)

• eka – one, single
  numeral adjective
• āhāra – food, eating, meal
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - is, may be (may be, should be, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man (man, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'.

अतिरात्रस्य (atirātrasya) - of the Atirātra (a specific Vedic ritual) (of the Atirātra (a Soma yajña))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of atirātra

atirātra - a particular form of Soma yajña lasting for more than one night

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ati+rātra)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
• rātra – night
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'yajñasya'.

यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the Vedic ritual (of the yajña, of the Vedic ritual)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

From root √yaj 'to worship, sacrifice'

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Possessive case.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the man mentioned earlier) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'naraḥ'.

फलम् (phalam) - the reward (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of 'samupāśnute'.

समुपाश्नुते (samupāśnute) - obtains completely (obtains, reaches, enjoys completely)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of samupāś

Present Tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular

From root √aś 'to obtain, enjoy' (5th class) with prefixes sam- and upa-

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: aś (class 5)