महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां म्लेच्छानां च पितामह ।
उपवासे मतिरियं कारणं च न विद्महे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṁ mlecchānāṁ ca pitāmaha ,
upavāse matiriyaṁ kāraṇaṁ ca na vidmahe.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca sarveṣām eva varṇānām mlecchānām
ca pitāmaha upavāse matiḥ iyam kāraṇam ca na vidmahe

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha sarveṣām eva varṇānām ca
mlecchānām upavāse iyam matiḥ ca kāraṇam na vidmahe

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O grandfather, we do not know the reason for this understanding regarding fasting for all social classes (varṇa) and also for mlecchas.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes

• म्लेच्छानाम् (mlecchānām) - of the barbarians, foreigners, impure ones

• च (ca) - and

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhīṣma. (O grandfather)

• उपवासे (upavāse) - in fasting, regarding fasting

• मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, understanding, thought

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• विद्महे (vidmahe) - we know

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of a king, eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of the verb 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, class, caste, social order, syllable

म्लेच्छानाम् (mlecchānām) - of the barbarians, foreigners, impure ones

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mleccha

mleccha - barbarian, foreigner, non-Aryan, impure, one who speaks indistinctly

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhīṣma. (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father (an epithet for Brahmā)

उपवासे (upavāse) - in fasting, regarding fasting

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of upavāsa

upavāsa - fasting, abstinence from food, a fast

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, understanding, thought

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, opinion, understanding, intelligence

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

विद्महे (vidmahe) - we know

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)