महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-44

अष्टमेन तु भक्तेन जीवन्संवत्सरं नृप ।
गवामयस्य यज्ञस्य फलं प्राप्नोति मानवः ॥४४॥

44. aṣṭamena tu bhaktena jīvansaṁvatsaraṁ nṛpa ,
gavāmayasya yajñasya phalaṁ prāpnoti mānavaḥ.

44. aṣṭamena tu bhaktena jīvan saṃvatsaram nṛpa
gavāmayasya yajñasya phalam prāpnoti mānavaḥ

44. nṛpa jīvan saṃvatsaram aṣṭamena bhaktena tu
mānavaḥ gavāmayasya yajñasya phalam prāpnoti

44. O king, a person who lives for a year by subsisting only on food taken at the eighth meal (of the day) obtains the fruit of the gavāmaya (Vedic ritual).

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टमेन (aṣṭamena) - by the eighth (meal) (by the eighth)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• भक्तेन (bhaktena) - by (eating at) a meal (by food, by a meal)

• जीवन् (jīvan) - living (subsisting) (living, existing)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (year)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• गवामयस्य (gavāmayasya) - of the gavāmaya (Vedic ritual) (of the Gavāmaya)

• यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the ritual, of the Vedic ritual

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, reaches, acquires

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being (human being, man)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टमेन (aṣṭamena) - by the eighth (meal) (by the eighth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - eighth (ordinal numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'bhaktena'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

भक्तेन (bhaktena) - by (eating at) a meal (by food, by a meal)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhakta

bhakta - food, meal, portion of food; (as adjective/noun) devoted, follower

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhaj' (to divide, partake) as noun for 'food'

Root: bhaj (class 1)

जीवन् (jīvan) - living (subsisting) (living, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, existing, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'jīv'

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe 'mānavaḥ/naraḥ'

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, a full year

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

गवामयस्य (gavāmayasya) - of the gavāmaya (Vedic ritual) (of the Gavāmaya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gavāmaya

gavāmaya - name of a particular Vedic ritual (sattrayāga)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+amaya)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• amaya – health, freedom from disease; part of a proper name
  noun (masculine)

यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the ritual, of the Vedic ritual

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, devotion, worship, sacrifice

Root: yaj (class 1)

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, reaches, acquires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being (human being, man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human being, man, descendant of Manu