महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-53

आर्तो वा व्याधितो वापि गच्छेदनशनं तु यः ।
शतं वर्षसहस्राणां मोदते दिवि स प्रभो ।
काञ्चीनूपुरशब्देन सुप्तश्चैव प्रबोध्यते ॥५३॥

53. ārto vā vyādhito vāpi gacchedanaśanaṁ tu yaḥ ,
śataṁ varṣasahasrāṇāṁ modate divi sa prabho ,
kāñcīnūpuraśabdena suptaścaiva prabodhyate.

53. ārtaḥ vā vyādhitaḥ vā api gacchet
anaśanam tu yaḥ śatam varṣasahasrāṇām
modate divi saḥ prabho
kāñcīnūpuraśabdena suptaḥ ca eva prabodhyate

53. But whoever undertakes fasting unto death (anaśana), whether distressed or even ill, O lord, he rejoices in heaven for a hundred thousand years. And indeed, when he is asleep, he is awakened by the sound of waist-bells and anklets.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering, sick)

• वा (vā) - whether (or, either)

• व्याधितः (vyādhitaḥ) - ill (ill, diseased, sick)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he should undertake (he should go, he should undertake)

• अनशनम् (anaśanam) - fasting unto death (anaśana) (fasting, not eating, fasting unto death)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

• वर्षसहस्राणाम् (varṣasahasrāṇām) - of a hundred thousand years (indicating duration) (of thousands of years, for thousands of years)

• मोदते (modate) - he rejoices (he rejoices, he delights, he is glad)

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven (in heaven, in the sky)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O lord (vocative address) (O lord, O master)

• काञ्चीनूपुरशब्देन (kāñcīnūpuraśabdena) - by the sound of waist-bells and anklets

• सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - being asleep (asleep, sleeping)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

• प्रबोध्यते (prabodhyate) - he is awakened (he is awakened, he is aroused)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering, sick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, sick

Past Passive Participle

From `ā` + root `ṛ` (to go, cause pain) with `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

वा (vā) - whether (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

व्याधितः (vyādhitaḥ) - ill (ill, diseased, sick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādhita

vyādhita - ill, sick, diseased, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From `vyādh` (to afflict) or related to `vyādhi`.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he should undertake (he should go, he should undertake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used with `anaśanam` meaning to undertake a fast.

अनशनम् (anaśanam) - fasting unto death (anaśana) (fasting, not eating, fasting unto death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anaśana

anaśana - not eating, fasting, starvation, fasting unto death

From `an` (not) + `aśana` (eating).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+aśana)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root `aś` (to eat) with suffix `ana`.
  Root: aś (class 9)

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies `varṣasahasrāṇām`.

वर्षसहस्राणाम् (varṣasahasrāṇām) - of a hundred thousand years (indicating duration) (of thousands of years, for thousands of years)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

From `varṣa` (year) + `sahasra` (thousand).

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Denotes duration with `śatam`.

मोदते (modate) - he rejoices (he rejoices, he delights, he is glad)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mud

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Ātmanepada

From root `mud` (to be glad).

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Refers to `saḥ`.

दिवि (divi) - in heaven (in heaven, in the sky)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, celestial world

Original feminine noun stem `div`.

Note: Indicates place of rejoicing.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Correlative to `yaḥ`.

प्रभो (prabho) - O lord (vocative address) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty, able

From `pra` + root `bhū` (to be, become).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Address to the listener (e.g. Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

काञ्चीनूपुरशब्देन (kāñcīnūpuraśabdena) - by the sound of waist-bells and anklets

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāñcīnūpuraśabda

kāñcīnūpuraśabda - sound of waist-bells and anklets

From `kāñcī` (waist-bell) + `nūpura` (anklet) + `śabda` (sound).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (kāñcī+nūpura+śabda)

• kāñcī – waist-bell, girdle
  noun (feminine)
• nūpura – anklet
  noun (neuter)
• śabda – sound, word
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of awakening.

सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - being asleep (asleep, sleeping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, dormant

Past Passive Participle

From root `svap` (to sleep) with `kta` suffix.

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Predicative participle modifying the implied subject of `prabodhyate`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

प्रबोध्यते (prabodhyate) - he is awakened (he is awakened, he is aroused)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of prabudh

Passive, Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Ātmanepada

From `pra` + root `budh` (to awaken, know). Passive form.

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)