महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-51

अनार्तो व्याधिरहितो गच्छेदनशनं तु यः ।
पदे पदे यज्ञफलं स प्राप्नोति न संशयः ॥५१॥

51. anārto vyādhirahito gacchedanaśanaṁ tu yaḥ ,
pade pade yajñaphalaṁ sa prāpnoti na saṁśayaḥ.

51. anārtaḥ vyādhirahitaḥ gacchet anaśanam tu yaḥ
pade pade yajñaphalam saḥ prāpnoti na saṃśayaḥ

51. Indeed, whoever, not distressed and free from illness, undertakes fasting unto death (anaśana) obtains the fruit of a (yajña) Vedic ritual at every step; there is no doubt about it.

Words meanings summery:

• अनार्तः (anārtaḥ) - not distressed (not suffering, not distressed, healthy)

• व्याधिरहितः (vyādhirahitaḥ) - free from illness (free from disease, without illness)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he should undertake (he should go, he should undertake)

• अनशनम् (anaśanam) - fasting unto death (anaśana) (fasting, not eating, fasting unto death)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• पदे (pade) - at every step (at every step, in a foot, in a word, in a place)

• पदे (pade) - at every step (at every step, in a foot, in a word, in a place)

• यज्ञफलम् (yajñaphalam) - the fruit of a (yajña) Vedic ritual (the fruit/result of a (yajña) Vedic ritual)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - he obtains (he obtains, he reaches, he gets)

• न (na) - no (not, no)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

Words meanings and morphology

अनार्तः (anārtaḥ) - not distressed (not suffering, not distressed, healthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anārta

anārta - not afflicted, healthy, free from pain

From `an` (not) + `ārta` (afflicted, distressed).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ārta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ā` + root `ṛ` (to go, move, or cause pain) with `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

व्याधिरहितः (vyādhirahitaḥ) - free from illness (free from disease, without illness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādhirahita

vyādhirahita - free from sickness, healthy

From `vyādhi` (disease) + `rahita` (devoid of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vyādhi+rahita)

• vyādhi – disease, sickness
  noun (masculine)
  From `vi` + `ā` + `dhā` (to place, cause) with `i` suffix.
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• rahita – deprived of, devoid of, without
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `rah` (to abandon, leave) with `kta` suffix.
  Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he should undertake (he should go, he should undertake)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used with `anaśanam` meaning to undertake a fast.

अनशनम् (anaśanam) - fasting unto death (anaśana) (fasting, not eating, fasting unto death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anaśana

anaśana - not eating, fasting, starvation, fasting unto death

From `an` (not) + `aśana` (eating).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+aśana)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root `aś` (to eat) with suffix `ana`.
  Root: aś (class 9)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

पदे (pade) - at every step (at every step, in a foot, in a word, in a place)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, word, place, station

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The repetition `pade pade` emphasizes "at every single step".

पदे (pade) - at every step (at every step, in a foot, in a word, in a place)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, word, place, station

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The repetition `pade pade` emphasizes "at every single step".

यज्ञफलम् (yajñaphalam) - the fruit of a (yajña) Vedic ritual (the fruit/result of a (yajña) Vedic ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yajñaphala

yajñaphala - fruit/result of a (yajña) Vedic ritual

From `yajña` (Vedic ritual) + `phala` (fruit).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+phala)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, devotion, worship
  noun (masculine)
  From root `yaj` (to worship, sacrifice).
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `prāpnoti`.

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - he obtains (he obtains, he reaches, he gets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular

From `pra` + root `āp` (to obtain).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

न (na) - no (not, no)

(indeclinable)

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

From `sam` + root `śī` (to lie, doubt).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative with implied 'asti' (is).