महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-20

पितृभक्तो माघमासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षपेत् ।
श्रीमत्कुले ज्ञातिमध्ये स महत्त्वं प्रपद्यते ॥२०॥

20. pitṛbhakto māghamāsamekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet ,
śrīmatkule jñātimadhye sa mahattvaṁ prapadyate.

20. pitṛbhaktaḥ māghamāsam ekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet
śrīmatkule jñātimadhye saḥ mahattvam prapadyate

20. yaḥ pitṛbhaktaḥ māghamāsam ekabhaktena kṣapet
saḥ śrīmatkule jñātimadhye mahattvam prapadyate

20. Whoever, devoted to ancestors, spends the month of Māgha eating only once a day, he achieves greatness within an esteemed family and among his kinsmen.

Words meanings summery:

• पितृभक्तः (pitṛbhaktaḥ) - devoted to fathers/ancestors

• माघमासम् (māghamāsam) - the month of Māgha (January-February)

• एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - By observing the practice of eating only one meal a day as a form of asceticism. (by eating only once (a day), with a single meal)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend, should pass (time)

• श्रीमत्कुले (śrīmatkule) - in an illustrious/prosperous family

• ज्ञातिमध्ये (jñātimadhye) - among kinsmen/relatives

• सः (saḥ) - he

• महत्तम् (mahattam) - greatness, importance

• प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, reaches, obtains

Words meanings and morphology

पितृभक्तः (pitṛbhaktaḥ) - devoted to fathers/ancestors

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛbhakta

pitṛbhakta - devoted to fathers, reverent to ancestors

Compound of pitṛ (father, ancestor) and bhakta (devoted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+bhakta)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• bhakta – devoted, attached, loyal
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root bhaj (to worship, serve).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

माघमासम् (māghamāsam) - the month of Māgha (January-February)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māghamāsa

māghamāsa - the month of Māgha

Compound of māgha (related to Maghā constellation) and māsa (month).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māgha+māsa)

• māgha – relating to the constellation Maghā; the month of Māgha
  noun (masculine)
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - By observing the practice of eating only one meal a day as a form of asceticism. (by eating only once (a day), with a single meal)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ekabhakta

ekabhakta - eating only once a day, a single meal

Compound of eka (one) and bhakta (meal).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhakta)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (neuter)
• bhakta – meal, food
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root bhaj (to divide, to partake).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend, should pass (time)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṣi

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, 1st conjugation, optative mood.

Root: kṣi (class 1)

श्रीमत्कुले (śrīmatkule) - in an illustrious/prosperous family

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śrīmatkula

śrīmatkula - an illustrious family, a prosperous lineage

Compound of śrīmat (prosperous, glorious) and kula (family).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrīmat+kula)

• śrīmat – glorious, prosperous, endowed with beauty/wealth
  adjective (neuter)
  Possessive suffix -mat added to śrī (glory, prosperity).
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

ज्ञातिमध्ये (jñātimadhye) - among kinsmen/relatives

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jñātimadhya

jñātimadhya - amidst kinsmen, in the middle of relatives

Compound of jñāti (relation, kinsman) and madhya (middle).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāti+madhya)

• jñāti – relation, kinsman, relative
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, centre
  noun (neuter)

Note: The locative case ending is on the entire compound to denote 'in the midst of'.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

महत्तम् (mahattam) - greatness, importance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahattva

mahattva - greatness, importance, dignity, magnitude

Derived from mahat (great) with the abstract noun suffix -tva.

प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, reaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pra-pad

Present Tense, Middle Voice

3rd person singular, ātmanepada, 4th conjugation (divādi) present tense, with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)