महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-13

चतुर्थभक्तक्षपणं वैश्यशूद्रे विधीयते ।
त्रिरात्रं न तु धर्मज्ञैर्विहितं ब्रह्मवादिभिः ॥१३॥

13. caturthabhaktakṣapaṇaṁ vaiśyaśūdre vidhīyate ,
trirātraṁ na tu dharmajñairvihitaṁ brahmavādibhiḥ.

13. caturthabhaktakṣapaṇam vaiśyaśūdre vidhīyate
trirātram na tu dharmajñaiḥ vihitam brahmavādibhiḥ

13. vaiśyaśūdre caturthabhaktakṣapaṇam vidhīyate tu
trirātram dharmajñaiḥ brahmavādibhiḥ na vihitam

13. For a vaiśya and a śūdra, the omission of the fourth meal (as a fast) is prescribed. However, a three-night fast is not enjoined for them by those who understand natural law (dharma) or by the Vedic scholars (brahmavādin).

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्थभक्तक्षपणम् (caturthabhaktakṣapaṇam) - a fast (vow) consisting of the omission of the fourth meal (eating only on the first, second, and third day, and fasting on the fourth) (omission of the fourth meal)

• वैश्यशूद्रे (vaiśyaśūdre) - for a Vaiśya and a Śūdra

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is ordained

• त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - a three-night (fast) (three nights, a period of three nights)

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

• धर्मज्ञैः (dharmajñaiḥ) - by those who understand natural law (dharma) (by those who know dharma (law/duty))

• विहितम् (vihitam) - prescribed, enjoined, ordained

• ब्रह्मवादिभिः (brahmavādibhiḥ) - by the Vedic scholars (brahmavādin) (by those who speak of Brahman, by Vedic scholars)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्थभक्तक्षपणम् (caturthabhaktakṣapaṇam) - a fast (vow) consisting of the omission of the fourth meal (eating only on the first, second, and third day, and fasting on the fourth) (omission of the fourth meal)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturthabhaktakṣapaṇa

caturthabhaktakṣapaṇa - the practice of fasting by omitting the fourth meal; a vow of eating every fourth meal

Compound type : tatpurusha (caturtha+bhakta+kṣapaṇa)

• caturtha – fourth
  numeral
• bhakta – meal, food, portion
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from √bhaj)
  Root: √bhaj (class 1)
• kṣapaṇa – spending, passing (time), causing to waste away, destroying, omitting
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  from √kṣap 'to pass, spend'
  Root: √kṣap (class 1)

वैश्यशूद्रे (vaiśyaśūdre) - for a Vaiśya and a Śūdra

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of vaiśyaśūdra

vaiśyaśūdra - a Vaiśya and a Śūdra (as a pair)

Compound type : dvandva (vaiśya+śūdra)

• vaiśya – member of the third social class (traders, farmers)
  noun (masculine)
• śūdra – member of the fourth social class (laborers, servants)
  noun (masculine)

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is ordained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vidhīyate

Present Passive

3rd person singular, Present Tense, Passive Voice, root √dhā 'to place' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: √dhā (class 3)

त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - a three-night (fast) (three nights, a period of three nights)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trirātra

trirātra - three nights, period of three nights

Compound type : dvigu (tri+rātra)

• tri – three
  numeral
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञैः (dharmajñaiḥ) - by those who understand natural law (dharma) (by those who know dharma (law/duty))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), one who understands sacred law or duty, virtuous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, understanding, a knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from √jñā 'to know'
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

विहितम् (vihitam) - prescribed, enjoined, ordained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - prescribed, enjoined, performed, arranged, made

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √dhā 'to place, put' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: √dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with trirātram (neuter nominative singular).

ब्रह्मवादिभिः (brahmavādibhiḥ) - by the Vedic scholars (brahmavādin) (by those who speak of Brahman, by Vedic scholars)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brahmavādin

brahmavādin - one who speaks of Brahman, a theologian, a Vedic scholar, a teacher of sacred texts (brahmavādin)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+vādin)

• brahman – sacred word, Veda, the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaking, proclaiming, an advocate, speaker
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from √vad 'to speak'
  Root: √vad (class 1)