महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-48

संवत्सरमिहैकं तु मासि मासि पिबेत्पयः ।
फलं विश्वजितस्तात प्राप्नोति स नरो नृप ॥४८॥

48. saṁvatsaramihaikaṁ tu māsi māsi pibetpayaḥ ,
phalaṁ viśvajitastāta prāpnoti sa naro nṛpa.

48. saṃvatsaram iha ekam tu māsi māsi pibet payaḥ
phalam viśvajitaḥ tāta prāpnoti saḥ naraḥ nṛpa

48. tāta nṛpa,
yaḥ naraḥ iha ekam saṃvatsaram tu māsi māsi payaḥ pibet,
saḥ viśvajitaḥ phalam prāpnoti.

48. O dear one, O King, that man who here drinks milk every single month for one year indeed, attains the reward of the Viśvajit (Vedic ritual).

Words meanings summery:

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (duration) (a year, for a year)

• इह (iha) - here (in this context/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the duration) (but, however, and, indeed)

• मासि (māsi) - in each month (in a month)

• मासि (māsi) - in each month (in a month)

• पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink (should drink, may drink)

• पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water, fluid)

• फलम् (phalam) - reward, fruit (fruit, reward, result)

• विश्वजितः (viśvajitaḥ) - of the Viśvajit (Vedic ritual) (of the all-conquering, of the Viśvajit (ritual))

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment, often used by elders addressing juniors, or vice versa) (O father, O dear one)

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains (obtains, reaches, attains)

• सः (saḥ) - that (man) (he, that)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man (man, person)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (duration) (a year, for a year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, a complete year

Note: Accusative of duration.

इह (iha) - here (in this context/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with `saṃvatsaram`.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the duration) (but, however, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मासि (māsi) - in each month (in a month)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Repetition indicates "every month".

मासि (māsi) - in each month (in a month)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Repetition indicates "every month".

पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink (should drink, may drink)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pā

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root 'pā' (class 1, 'pibati')

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Expresses an injunction or desire.

पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water, fluid)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, fluid, strength

Note: Object of 'pibet'.

फलम् (phalam) - reward, fruit (fruit, reward, result)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, reward, result, consequence

Note: Object of 'prāpnoti'.

विश्वजितः (viśvajitaḥ) - of the Viśvajit (Vedic ritual) (of the all-conquering, of the Viśvajit (ritual))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśvajit

viśvajit - all-conquering, name of a Vedic ritual (yajña)

Compound of 'viśva' (all) + 'jit' (conquering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viśva+jit)

• viśva – all, whole, universal
  adjective
• jit – conquering, victorious
  adjective
  From root 'ji' (to conquer) + kvip suffix
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to a specific yajña (Vedic ritual).

तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment, often used by elders addressing juniors, or vice versa) (O father, O dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son (vocative)

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains (obtains, reaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root 'āp' (class 5, 'āpnoti'), with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - that (man) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `naraḥ`.

नरः (naraḥ) - man (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'prāpnoti'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector/ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect/govern) or 'pā' (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)