महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-19

पौषमासं तु कौन्तेय भक्तेनैकेन यः क्षपेत् ।
सुभगो दर्शनीयश्च यशोभागी च जायते ॥१९॥

19. pauṣamāsaṁ tu kaunteya bhaktenaikena yaḥ kṣapet ,
subhago darśanīyaśca yaśobhāgī ca jāyate.

19. pauṣamāsam tu kaunteya bhaktena ekena yaḥ kṣapet
subhagaḥ darśanīyaḥ ca yaśobhāgī ca jāyate

19. kaunteya yaḥ tu pauṣamāsam ekena bhaktena kṣapet
subhagaḥ darśanīyaḥ ca yaśobhāgī ca jāyate

19. O son of Kuntī, whoever spends the month of Pauṣa eating only once a day becomes fortunate, handsome, and attains fame.

Words meanings summery:

• पौषमासम् (pauṣamāsam) - the month of Pauṣa (December-January)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Addressed to Arjuna. (O son of Kuntī)

• भक्तेन (bhaktena) - By taking a single meal, indicating an ascetic practice (ekabhakta). (by a meal, with food)

• एकेन (ekena) - With a single (meal). (by one, with a single)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend, should pass (time)

• सुभगः (subhagaḥ) - fortunate, beloved, charming

• दर्शनीयः (darśanīyaḥ) - handsome, pleasant to behold, worth seeing

• च (ca) - and, also

• यशोभागी (yaśobhāgī) - sharing in fame, famous

• च (ca) - and, also

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, becomes

Words meanings and morphology

पौषमासम् (pauṣamāsam) - the month of Pauṣa (December-January)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pauṣamāsa

pauṣamāsa - the month of Pauṣa

Compound of pauṣa (related to Puṣya constellation) and māsa (month).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pauṣa+māsa)

• pauṣa – relating to the constellation Puṣya; the month of Pauṣa
  noun (masculine)
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Addressed to Arjuna. (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī

Patronymic derived from Kuntī.

भक्तेन (bhaktena) - By taking a single meal, indicating an ascetic practice (ekabhakta). (by a meal, with food)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhakta

bhakta - eaten, food, meal; devoted, worshipper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root bhaj (to divide, to partake).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

एकेन (ekena) - With a single (meal). (by one, with a single)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with the implied neuter noun 'meal' or `bhaktena`.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend, should pass (time)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṣi

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, 1st conjugation, optative mood.

Root: kṣi (class 1)

सुभगः (subhagaḥ) - fortunate, beloved, charming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of subhaga

subhaga - fortunate, beloved, charming, handsome

Compound of su (good, well) and bhaga (fortune, prosperity).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+bhaga)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• bhaga – fortune, prosperity, excellence
  noun (masculine)

दर्शनीयः (darśanīyaḥ) - handsome, pleasant to behold, worth seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśanīya

darśanīya - visible, beautiful, handsome, pleasant to behold, worth seeing

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from the root dṛś (to see) with the suffix -anīya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यशोभागी (yaśobhāgī) - sharing in fame, famous

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yaśobhāgin

yaśobhāgin - sharing in fame, famous, renowned

Compound of yaśas (fame, glory) and bhāgin (sharer, partaker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yaśas+bhāgin)

• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)
• bhāgin – sharer, partaker, possessing
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Tense, Middle Voice

3rd person singular, ātmanepada, 4th conjugation (divādi) present tense.

Root: jan (class 4)