महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-30

इति मासा नरव्याघ्र क्षपतां परिकीर्तिताः ।
तिथीनां नियमा ये तु शृणु तानपि पार्थिव ॥३०॥

30. iti māsā naravyāghra kṣapatāṁ parikīrtitāḥ ,
tithīnāṁ niyamā ye tu śṛṇu tānapi pārthiva.

30. iti māsāḥ naravyāghra kṣapatām parikīrtitāḥ
tithīnām niyamāḥ ye tu śṛṇu tān api pārthiva

30. naravyāghra pārthiva iti kṣapatām māsāḥ
parikīrtitāḥ tu ye tithīnām niyamāḥ tān api śṛṇu

30. O tiger among men, these months observed by those who undertake austerities have thus been declared. Now, O king, listen also to those rules regarding the lunar days.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, as follows

• मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• क्षपताम् (kṣapatām) - of those who fast, of ascetics, of observers of fasts

• परिकीर्तिताः (parikīrtitāḥ) - proclaimed, declared, described, spoken about

• तिथीनाम् (tithīnām) - of lunar days, of tithis

• नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - rules, observances, restraints

• ये (ye) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• अपि (api) - also, even

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O prince, O ruler

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, as follows

(indeclinable)

मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

क्षपताम् (kṣapatām) - of those who fast, of ascetics, of observers of fasts

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣapat

kṣapat - one who fasts, an ascetic, observer of a vow

agent noun

From √kṣap (to endure, fast) or kṣapā (night), referring to those observing vows or fasts.

Root: kṣap (class 1)

परिकीर्तिताः (parikīrtitāḥ) - proclaimed, declared, described, spoken about

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parikīrtita

parikīrtita - proclaimed, declared, described, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'pari-' + root '√kīrt' (to mention, praise) + suffix '-ita'

Prefix: pari

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'māsāḥ'

तिथीनाम् (tithīnām) - of lunar days, of tithis

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tithi

tithi - lunar day, a day of the lunar fortnight

नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - rules, observances, restraints

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - rule, regulation, observance, restraint, a moral practice (part of (yoga) philosophy)

Derived from 'ni-' + '√yam' (to restrain, control)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'niyamāḥ'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of śru

Imperative 2nd singular

From √śru (5th class) in imperative mood, parasmaipada, 2nd singular

Root: śru (class 5)

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'niyamāḥ'

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O prince, O ruler

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, prince, ruler

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) + 'aṇ' (possessive/relation suffix)