महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-28

तथैवाश्वयुजं मासमेकभक्तेन यः क्षपेत् ।
प्रजावान्वाहनाढ्यश्च बहुपुत्रश्च जायते ॥२८॥

28. tathaivāśvayujaṁ māsamekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet ,
prajāvānvāhanāḍhyaśca bahuputraśca jāyate.

28. tathā eva aśvayujam māsam ekabhaktena yaḥ kṣapet
prajāvān vāhanāḍhyaḥ ca bahuputraḥ ca jāyate

28. In the same manner, whoever observes a single meal a day during the month of Ashvina, he becomes blessed with progeny, rich in vehicles, and possessing many sons.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - in the same manner (thus, so, in that way)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• अश्वयुजम् (aśvayujam) - the month of Ashvina (September-October)

• मासम् (māsam) - month

• एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - by eating only one meal a day (by a single meal)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

• क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend (time) (should spend, should pass, should endure)

• प्रजावान् (prajāvān) - blessed with progeny (having offspring, having progeny, having subjects)

• वाहनाढ्यः (vāhanāḍhyaḥ) - rich in vehicles (rich in vehicles, having abundant conveyances)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• बहुपुत्रः (bahuputraḥ) - possessing many sons (having many sons, having many children)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जायते (jāyate) - becomes (is born, becomes, arises)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - in the same manner (thus, so, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad + thā (suffix for manner)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

अश्वयुजम् (aśvayujam) - the month of Ashvina (September-October)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśvayuj

aśvayuj - the month of Ashvina, relating to the constellation Aśvinī

Note: Object of implied 'observes' or 'spends'.

मासम् (māsam) - month

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Duration of time.

एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - by eating only one meal a day (by a single meal)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ekabhakta

ekabhakta - one meal, taking only one meal a day

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhakta)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral adjective
• bhakta – meal, food, worship
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from bhaj (to divide, partake) + kta
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or manner.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of kṣapet.

क्षपेत् (kṣapet) - should spend (time) (should spend, should pass, should endure)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṣap

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Derived from root kṣap

Root: kṣap (class 1)

प्रजावान् (prajāvān) - blessed with progeny (having offspring, having progeny, having subjects)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāvat

prajāvat - having offspring, having progeny, having subjects, fertile

Derived from prajā (progeny) + matup (suffix for 'having')

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'he'.

वाहनाढ्यः (vāhanāḍhyaḥ) - rich in vehicles (rich in vehicles, having abundant conveyances)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāhanāḍhya

vāhanāḍhya - rich in vehicles, having abundant conveyances

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāhana+āḍhya)

• vāhana – vehicle, carriage, carrying
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root vah (to carry) + ana
  Root: vah (class 1)
• āḍhya – rich, wealthy, abundant
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'he'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बहुपुत्रः (bahuputraḥ) - possessing many sons (having many sons, having many children)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahuputra

bahuputra - having many sons, having many children

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+putra)

• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'he'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

जायते (jāyate) - becomes (is born, becomes, arises)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Tense, Ātmanepada (Passive/Middle)

Derived from root jan (to be born). Jā-ya-te.

Root: jan (class 4)