महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-23

निस्तरेदेकभक्तेन वैशाखं यो जितेन्द्रियः ।
नरो वा यदि वा नारी ज्ञातीनां श्रेष्ठतां व्रजेत् ॥२३॥

23. nistaredekabhaktena vaiśākhaṁ yo jitendriyaḥ ,
naro vā yadi vā nārī jñātīnāṁ śreṣṭhatāṁ vrajet.

23. nistaret ekabhaktena vaiśākham yaḥ jitendriyaḥ
naraḥ vā yadi vā nārī jñātīnām śreṣṭhatām vrajet

23. yaḥ jitendriyaḥ ekabhaktena vaiśākham nistaret,
naraḥ vā yadi vā nārī (saḥ/sā) jñātīnām śreṣṭhatām vrajet

23. Whoever, with controlled senses (jitendriya) and eating only once a day, completes the month of Vaishakha, whether a man or a woman, will attain superiority among their relatives.

Words meanings summery:

• निस्तरेत् (nistaret) - should accomplish, should complete, should overcome

• एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - by observing the vow of eating only one meal a day (by eating only once (a day))

• वैशाखम् (vaiśākham) - Vaishakha month

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has controlled senses

• नरः (naraḥ) - man

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or

• नारी (nārī) - woman

• ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of relatives, among relatives

• श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - superiority, excellence

• व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should attain, should reach

Words meanings and morphology

निस्तरेत् (nistaret) - should accomplish, should complete, should overcome

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tṛ

1st class verb, Parasmaipada

Prefix: nis

Root: tṛ (class 1)

एकभक्तेन (ekabhaktena) - by observing the vow of eating only one meal a day (by eating only once (a day))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ekabhakta

ekabhakta - a single meal; the practice of eating only once a day

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhakta)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• bhakta – food, meal; eaten
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bhaj (to divide, partake, eat)
  Root: bhaj

वैशाखम् (vaiśākham) - Vaishakha month

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśākha

vaiśākha - belonging to the constellation Viśākhā; the month of Vaiśākha

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has controlled senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitendriya

jitendriya - one who has conquered or controlled the senses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, vanquished, controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)

नरः (naraḥ) - man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, male, human being

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

नारी (nārī) - woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, female

ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of relatives, among relatives

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - a relative, kinsman

श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - superiority, excellence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śreṣṭhatā

śreṣṭhatā - superiority, excellence, pre-eminence

Derived from śreṣṭha (best) with suffix -tā

व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should attain, should reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vraj

1st class verb, Parasmaipada

Root: vraj (class 1)