महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-109, verse-33

एते तु नियमाः सर्वे कर्तव्याः शरदो दश ।
द्वे चान्ये भरतश्रेष्ठ प्रवृत्तिमनुवर्तता ॥३३॥

33. ete tu niyamāḥ sarve kartavyāḥ śarado daśa ,
dve cānye bharataśreṣṭha pravṛttimanuvartatā.

33. ete tu niyamāḥ sarve kartavyāḥ śaradaḥ daśa dve
ca anye bharataśreṣṭha pravṛttim anuvarthatā

33. bharataśreṣṭha tu ete sarve niyamāḥ daśa ca dve
anye śaradaḥ pravṛttim anuvarthatā kartavyāḥ

33. O best among the Bhāratas, all these observances should be performed for ten and two additional years (a total of twelve years) by one who diligently follows this practice.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - rules, observances, restraints

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• कर्तव्याः (kartavyāḥ) - should be done, ought to be performed

• शरदः (śaradaḥ) - for ten years (of autumns, of years)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• द्वे (dve) - two

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्ये (anye) - two other (years) (other, additional)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

• प्रवृत्तिम् (pravṛttim) - the practice (of observances) (activity, engagement, course of action, practice)

• अनुवर्थता (anuvarthatā) - by one diligently following this practice (by one following, by one practicing)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'niyamāḥ'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - rules, observances, restraints

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - rule, regulation, observance, restraint, a moral practice (part of (yoga) philosophy)

Derived from 'ni-' + '√yam' (to restrain, control)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'niyamāḥ'

कर्तव्याः (kartavyāḥ) - should be done, ought to be performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, duty, obligation

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Derived from root '√kṛ' (to do) + suffix '-tavya'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'niyamāḥ'

शरदः (śaradaḥ) - for ten years (of autumns, of years)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śarad

śarad - autumn, year

Note: Denotes duration or extent of time

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'śaradaḥ'

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with implied 'śaradaḥ' and 'anye'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - two other (years) (other, additional)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with 'dve' and implied 'śaradaḥ'

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas

Compound 'bharata' (Bharata) + 'śreṣṭha' (best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – Bharata (name of a king, a descendant of the Bhārata dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

प्रवृत्तिम् (pravṛttim) - the practice (of observances) (activity, engagement, course of action, practice)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, action, engagement, course of action, origin

Derived from prefix 'pra-' + root '√vṛt' (to turn, exist) + suffix '-ti'

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anuvarthatā'

अनुवर्थता (anuvarthatā) - by one diligently following this practice (by one following, by one practicing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anuvarvat

anuvarvat - following, practicing, engaged in

Present Active Participle

Derived from prefix 'anu-' + root '√vṛt' (to turn, exist) + present participle suffix '-at'

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case, refers to the agent performing 'kartavyāḥ'.