महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-7, verse-59

तमूर्ध्वबाहुं निश्चेष्टं दृष्ट्वा हविरुपस्थितम् ।
अब्रवीद्भगवान्साक्षान्महादेवो हसन्निव ॥५९॥

59. tamūrdhvabāhuṁ niśceṣṭaṁ dṛṣṭvā havirupasthitam ,
abravīdbhagavānsākṣānmahādevo hasanniva.

59. tam ūrdhvabāhum niśceṣṭam dṛṣṭvā haviḥ upasthitam
abravīt bhagavān sākṣāt mahādevaḥ hasan iva

59. tam ūrdhvabāhum niśceṣṭam haviḥ upasthitam dṛṣṭvā
bhagavān sākṣāt mahādevaḥ hasan iva abravīt

59. Having seen him standing motionless with uplifted arms, and the offering presented, the divine Mahadeva himself spoke, as if smiling.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to a previously mentioned person) (him, that)

• ऊर्ध्वबाहुम् (ūrdhvabāhum) - with uplifted arms (referring to the state of the person being seen) (with uplifted arms, having raised arms)

• निश्चेष्टम् (niśceṣṭam) - motionless (describing the person's state) (motionless, inactive, without movement)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after observing the state of the person and the offering (having seen, after seeing)

• हविः (haviḥ) - the offering (presented for worship) (oblation, offering (especially for fire sacrifice))

• उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - presented (referring to the offering being ready) (presented, stood near, arrived, ready)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Mahadeva spoke (he spoke, said)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the divine Lord (title for Mahadeva) (divine, worshipful, prosperous, glorious, Lord)

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - Mahadeva spoke directly (without an intermediary) (directly, in person, visibly)

• महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - Lord Mahadeva (the speaker) (Great God, Mahadeva (name of Shiva))

• हसन् (hasan) - as if smiling (describing Mahadeva's demeanor while speaking) (laughing, smiling)

• इव (iva) - as if smiling (as if, like, as)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to a previously mentioned person) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऊर्ध्वबाहुम् (ūrdhvabāhum) - with uplifted arms (referring to the state of the person being seen) (with uplifted arms, having raised arms)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvabāhu

ūrdhvabāhu - having uplifted arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+bāhu)

• ūrdhva – upwards, raised, elevated
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

निश्चेष्टम् (niśceṣṭam) - motionless (describing the person's state) (motionless, inactive, without movement)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niśceṣṭa

niśceṣṭa - motionless, inactive

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ceṣṭā)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• ceṣṭā – movement, effort, action
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root ceṣṭ (to move, to endeavor)
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after observing the state of the person and the offering (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

हविः (haviḥ) - the offering (presented for worship) (oblation, offering (especially for fire sacrifice))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, offering, ghee

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - presented (referring to the offering being ready) (presented, stood near, arrived, ready)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upasthita

upasthita - standing near, present, ready, approached

Past Passive Participle

formed from upa + sthā + kta

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'haviḥ'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Mahadeva spoke (he spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, augment 'a' + brū + vīt

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the divine Lord (title for Mahadeva) (divine, worshipful, prosperous, glorious, Lord)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, glorious, worshipful, prosperous, Lord

possessive suffix -vat

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahādevaḥ'.

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - Mahadeva spoke directly (without an intermediary) (directly, in person, visibly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'abravīt'.

महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - Lord Mahadeva (the speaker) (Great God, Mahadeva (name of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādeva

mahādeva - Great God, Shiva

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+deva)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

हसन् (hasan) - as if smiling (describing Mahadeva's demeanor while speaking) (laughing, smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hasant

hasant - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

formed from has + śatṛ

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahādevaḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if smiling (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'hasan' to 'abravīt', indicating a simile.