महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-7, verse-52

ततः सौम्येन मन्त्रेण द्रोणपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
उपहारं महामन्युरथात्मानमुपाहरत् ॥५२॥

52. tataḥ saumyena mantreṇa droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān ,
upahāraṁ mahāmanyurathātmānamupāharat.

52. tataḥ saumyena mantreṇa droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān
upahāram mahāmanyuḥ atha ātmānam upāharat

52. tataḥ pratāpavān mahāmanyuḥ droṇaputraḥ saumyena
mantreṇa upahāram atha ātmānam upāharat

52. Then, the mighty son of Droṇa, filled with great wrath, offered himself (ātman) as an oblation, using a gentle sacred formula (mantra).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सौम्येन (saumyena) - by a gentle, mild, benevolent, moon-like

• मन्त्रेण (mantreṇa) - by a sacred formula, by a mantra

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā, the son of the revered guru Droṇa. (Drona's son, son of Drona (Aśvatthāmā))

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - Describes Droṇa's son, Aśvatthāmā. (mighty, glorious, powerful, majestic)

• उपहारम् (upahāram) - offering, gift, presentation, tribute

• महामन्युः (mahāmanyuḥ) - Describes Aśvatthāmā, indicating his fierce emotional state. (great anger, great wrath; one with great anger)

• अथ (atha) - Emphasizes the continuation of the action after the previous statements. (then, now, moreover, and so)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - His own person or being. (the self, himself)

• उपाहरत् (upāharat) - Offered as a sacrifice (as in yajña). (offered, sacrificed, presented)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'tas' suffix.

सौम्येन (saumyena) - by a gentle, mild, benevolent, moon-like

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - relating to Soma or the moon, gentle, mild, benevolent, agreeable

From 'soma' + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'mantreṇa'.

मन्त्रेण (mantreṇa) - by a sacred formula, by a mantra

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mantra

mantra - sacred formula, hymn, prayer, counsel, secret (mantra)

From root 'man' (to think) + 'tra' suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā, the son of the revered guru Droṇa. (Drona's son, son of Drona (Aśvatthāmā))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – a type of measure, a valley, the name of a preceptor
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pū' (to purify) + 'tra' suffix, meaning 'one who purifies the ancestors'.
  Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - Describes Droṇa's son, Aśvatthāmā. (mighty, glorious, powerful, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - glorious, majestic, powerful, mighty, full of valor

Formed with 'matup' suffix from 'pratāpa' (power, glory).

Note: Agrees with 'droṇaputraḥ'.

उपहारम् (upahāram) - offering, gift, presentation, tribute

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upahāra

upahāra - offering, gift, present, tribute, sacrifice

From 'upa' (near, to) + root 'hṛ' (to take, carry).

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

महामन्युः (mahāmanyuḥ) - Describes Aśvatthāmā, indicating his fierce emotional state. (great anger, great wrath; one with great anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanyu

mahāmanyu - great anger, great wrath, a person of great wrath

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'manyu' (anger).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+manyu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'mahat' in compounds.
• manyu – spirit, mind, mood, wrath, anger, fury
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'man' (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'droṇaputraḥ'.

अथ (atha) - Emphasizes the continuation of the action after the previous statements. (then, now, moreover, and so)

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - His own person or being. (the self, himself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, mind, person, a living being, the ultimate principle (ātman)

Root: an

Note: Direct object of 'upāharat'.

उपाहरत् (upāharat) - Offered as a sacrifice (as in yajña). (offered, sacrificed, presented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upahṛ

Imperfect Active

Root 'hṛ' with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)