महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-7, verse-53

तं रुद्रं रौद्रकर्माणं रौद्रैः कर्मभिरच्युतम् ।
अभिष्टुत्य महात्मानमित्युवाच कृताञ्जलिः ॥५३॥

53. taṁ rudraṁ raudrakarmāṇaṁ raudraiḥ karmabhiracyutam ,
abhiṣṭutya mahātmānamityuvāca kṛtāñjaliḥ.

53. tam rudram raudrakarmāṇam raudraiḥ karmabhiḥ
acyutam abhiṣṭutya mahātmānam iti uvāca kṛtāñjaliḥ

53. kṛtāñjaliḥ tam raudrakarmāṇam raudraiḥ karmabhiḥ
acyutam mahātmānam rudram abhiṣṭutya iti uvāca

53. Having praised that Rudra, the great soul (ātman), who is unchanging (acyuta) and whose terrible deeds are performed with fierce actions, Aśvatthāmā spoke thus with folded hands.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Rudra. (that, him)

• रुद्रम् (rudram) - The fierce form of Shiva. (Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva))

• रौद्रकर्माणम् (raudrakarmāṇam) - Describes Rudra's fierce nature. (one whose actions are terrible/fierce)

• रौद्रैः (raudraiḥ) - Qualifies the actions (karmabhiḥ) by which Rudra acts. (by terrible, by fierce, by dreadful)

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - The means by which Rudra performs his terrible actions. (by actions, by deeds)

• अच्युतम् (acyutam) - An epithet for a supreme deity, here used for Rudra, implying his eternal nature. (the unmoving, the infallible, the imperishable)

• अभिष्टुत्य (abhiṣṭutya) - Indicates the action performed before speaking. (having praised, having glorified)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - An epithet for Rudra, signifying his supreme and noble nature. (the great soul (ātman), the great being, the magnanimous one)

• इति (iti) - Introduces the direct speech that follows. (thus, in this manner, so saying)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The main action of Aśvatthāmā. (he spoke, he said)

• कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - Describes Aśvatthāmā's respectful posture before speaking. (with folded hands, having made the Añjali gesture (reverential greeting))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Rudra. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'abhiṣṭutya'.

रुद्रम् (rudram) - The fierce form of Shiva. (Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - a Vedic deity, the 'roarer', 'howler', god of storms, later identified with Śiva; terrible, fierce

From root 'rud' (to weep, to roar).

Root: rud (class 2)

रौद्रकर्माणम् (raudrakarmāṇam) - Describes Rudra's fierce nature. (one whose actions are terrible/fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raudrakarman

raudrakarman - one whose actions are fierce/terrible; a fierce actor

Compound of 'raudra' (fierce) and 'karman' (action).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (raudra+karman)

• raudra – fierce, terrible, dreadful, relating to Rudra
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'rudra' + 'aṇ' suffix.
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

रौद्रैः (raudraiḥ) - Qualifies the actions (karmabhiḥ) by which Rudra acts. (by terrible, by fierce, by dreadful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of raudra

raudra - fierce, terrible, dreadful, relating to Rudra

From 'rudra' + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'karmabhiḥ'.

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - The means by which Rudra performs his terrible actions. (by actions, by deeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Instrument of action.

अच्युतम् (acyutam) - An epithet for a supreme deity, here used for Rudra, implying his eternal nature. (the unmoving, the infallible, the imperishable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - imperishable, infallible, firm, unchanging, permanent; an epithet of Viṣṇu, Kṛṣṇa, or other deities.

Past Passive Participle

Negation ('a-') of 'cyuta' (fallen, moved), from root 'cyu' (to move, fall).

Root: cyu (class 1)

अभिष्टुत्य (abhiṣṭutya) - Indicates the action performed before speaking. (having praised, having glorified)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'stu' (to praise) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - An epithet for Rudra, signifying his supreme and noble nature. (the great soul (ātman), the great being, the magnanimous one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, great being, magnanimous, noble-minded (ātman)

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'ātman' (self/soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty, eminent
  adjective (neuter)
  Root 'mah' (to grow) + 'at' suffix.
  Root: mah (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, mind, person, a living being, the ultimate principle (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'an' (to breathe).
  Root: an (class 2)

इति (iti) - Introduces the direct speech that follows. (thus, in this manner, so saying)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - The main action of Aśvatthāmā. (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - Describes Aśvatthāmā's respectful posture before speaking. (with folded hands, having made the Añjali gesture (reverential greeting))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtāñjali

kṛtāñjali - one who has made an añjali (reverential gesture of folded hands); with folded hands

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'kṛta' (made) + 'añjali' (folded hands).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+añjali)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, finished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• añjali – the hollow of the hands, a respectful greeting with folded hands
  noun (masculine)
  From 'añj' (to anoint, to salute).
  Root: añj (class 7)