महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-114, verse-20

आत्मना च महाबाहुरेकपादस्थितोऽभवत् ।
उग्रं स तप आतस्थे परमेण समाधिना ॥२०॥

20. ātmanā ca mahābāhurekapādasthito'bhavat ,
ugraṁ sa tapa ātasthe parameṇa samādhinā.

20. ātmanā ca mahābāhuḥ ekapādasthitaḥ abhavat
ugram saḥ tapaḥ ātasthe parameṇa samādhinā

20. And the mighty-armed one (Pandu) himself stood on one foot. He observed a severe austerity (tapas) with the highest concentration (samādhi).

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self, by himself, personally

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Pandu, the mighty-armed one (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• एकपादस्थितः (ekapādasthitaḥ) - standing on one foot

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

• उग्रम् (ugram) - severe, fierce, terrible

• सः (saḥ) - Pandu (he)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual fervor, penance (tapas)

• आतस्थे (ātasthe) - he undertook, he performed, he practiced

• परमेण (parameṇa) - with supreme, with highest

• समाधिना (samādhinā) - with concentration, with meditation (samādhi)

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self, by himself, personally

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Pandu, the mighty-armed one (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - one with mighty arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Pandu).

एकपादस्थितः (ekapādasthitaḥ) - standing on one foot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekapādasthita

ekapādasthita - standing on one foot

Compound type : Tatpurusha (eka+pāda+sthita)

• eka – one, single, sole
  numeral
• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)
• sthita – stood, situated, standing
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sthā (to stand) with -kta suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Pandu).

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

उग्रम् (ugram) - severe, fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, dreadful, powerful

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - Pandu (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual fervor, penance (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat (tapas)

आतस्थे (ātasthe) - he undertook, he performed, he practiced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of ā-sthā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

परमेण (parameṇa) - with supreme, with highest

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, best

Note: Agrees with 'samādhinā'.

समाधिना (samādhinā) - with concentration, with meditation (samādhi)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of samādhi

samādhi - concentration, meditation, absorption, profound contemplation (samādhi)