योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-45

भ्रमं यं पश्यति मनो वासनामलमालितम् ।
स्वप्नवत्स कथं देव जाग्रत्यपि हि दृश्यते ॥ ४५ ॥

bhramaṃ yaṃ paśyati mano vāsanāmalamālitam ,
svapnavatsa kathaṃ deva jāgratyapi hi dṛśyate 45

45. bhramam yam paśyati manaḥ vāsanāmalmālitam
svapnavat saḥ katham deva jāgrati api hi dṛśyate

45. deva vāsanāmalmālitam manaḥ yam bhramam paśyati
saḥ svapnavat jāgrati api hi katham dṛśyate

45. O Lord, how is it that this illusion (bhrama) – which the mind, stained by the impurity of latent impressions (vāsanā), perceives – is seen even in the waking state, just like a dream?

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रमम् (bhramam) - illusion, error, delusion, wandering

• यम् (yam) - which (masculine singular)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, consciousness

• वासनामल्मालितम् (vāsanāmalmālitam) - stained by the impurity of latent impressions (vāsanā)

• स्वप्नवत् (svapnavat) - like a dream, as in a dream

• सः (saḥ) - that (masculine singular)

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• देव (deva) - O Lord, O God

• जाग्रति (jāgrati) - in the waking state, while waking

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रमम् (bhramam) - illusion, error, delusion, wandering

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrama

bhrama - wandering, moving about; error, delusion, illusion; doubt

यम् (yam) - which (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, beholds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √dṛś

Present tense 3rd person singular active, uses the stem 'paśya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, thought

वासनामल्मालितम् (vāsanāmalmālitam) - stained by the impurity of latent impressions (vāsanā)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāsanāmalmālita

vāsanāmalmālita - stained/defiled by the impurity of latent impressions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāsanā+mala+mālita)

• vāsanā – latent impression, habit, tendency, desire, mental predisposition
  noun (feminine)
• mala – dirt, impurity, defilement, sin
  noun (neuter)
• mālita – stained, soiled, defiled
  participle (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Derived from the root/noun 'mala' (impurity) with a causal sense, meaning 'rendered impure' or 'stained'.

स्वप्नवत् (svapnavat) - like a dream, as in a dream

(indeclinable)

Formed by adding the suffix '-vat' (meaning 'like', 'as') to the noun 'svapna' (dream).

सः (saḥ) - that (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

देव (deva) - O Lord, O God

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, Lord

जाग्रति (jāgrati) - in the waking state, while waking

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake; the waking state (as a noun)

present active participle

Derived from the root √jāgṛ (to wake), used here as a noun in the locative case.

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √dṛś

Present tense 3rd person singular, passive voice (ātmanepada form).

Root: dṛś (class 1)