योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-37

तत्र संवत्सरं सार्धं पयश्चुलुकभोजनम् ।
तपश्चक्रे महातेजास्तुष्टये शार्ङ्गधन्वनः ॥ ३७ ॥

tatra saṃvatsaraṃ sārdhaṃ payaśculukabhojanam ,
tapaścakre mahātejāstuṣṭaye śārṅgadhanvanaḥ 37

37. tatra saṃvatsaram sārdham payaḥ culukabhojanam
| tapaḥ cakre mahātejāḥ tuṣṭaye śārṅgadhanvanaḥ

37. tatra mahātejāḥ sārdham saṃvatsaram payaḥ
culukabhojanam tapaḥ śārṅgadhanvanaḥ tuṣṭaye cakre

37. There, that greatly effulgent one performed penance (tapas) for a year and a half, subsisting on mouthfuls of milk, for the satisfaction of the wielder of the Śārṅga bow.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the mountain cave) (there, in that place)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - year

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - and a half (e.g., one and a half years) (with, together with, including a half)

• पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water)

• चुलुकभोजनम् (culukabhojanam) - eating a mouthful, a mouthful meal

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual heat)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he did, he performed

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly energetic, mighty

• तुष्टये (tuṣṭaye) - for the satisfaction, for the pleasing

• शार्ङ्गधन्वनः (śārṅgadhanvanaḥ) - of the wielder of the Śārṅga bow

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the mountain cave) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the mountain cave mentioned in the previous verse.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - year

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Denotes duration of time.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - and a half (e.g., one and a half years) (with, together with, including a half)

(indeclinable)

From 'sa' (with) + 'ardha' (half).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+ardha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially with 'saṃvatsaram' to mean 'one and a half years'.

पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, drink

Note: Part of the compound 'culukabhojanam', meaning 'milk as his mouthful meal'.

चुलुकभोजनम् (culukabhojanam) - eating a mouthful, a mouthful meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of culukabhojana

culukabhojana - eating a mouthful, a mouthful for a meal

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (culuka+bhojana)

• culuka – a mouthful (of water or liquid), a handful
  noun (masculine)
• bhojana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhuj (to eat, enjoy) + -ana suffix.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Describes his austere diet during the penance.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

Note: Object of 'cakre'.

चक्रे (cakre) - he did, he performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Tense

Root kṛ, 8th class, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, perfect tense (liṭ).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly energetic, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly effulgent, possessing great energy or power

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, energy, power, effulgence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject, Gādhi.

तुष्टये (tuṣṭaye) - for the satisfaction, for the pleasing

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of tuṣṭi

tuṣṭi - satisfaction, contentment, pleasure

From root tuṣ (to be pleased) + -ti suffix.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Indicates the purpose of the penance.

शार्ङ्गधन्वनः (śārṅgadhanvanaḥ) - of the wielder of the Śārṅga bow

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śārṅgadhanvan

śārṅgadhanvan - one whose bow is Śārṅga, an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śārṅga+dhanvan)

• śārṅga – made of horn (of an animal called śṛṅga), referring to Viṣṇu's bow
  adjective (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Lord Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa, whose bow is named Śārṅga.

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