योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-23

स दृष्ट्वा स्थगिताकाशं चलरेणुपयोधरैः ।
प्राक्तनीं राजतां स्मृत्वा समुवाचातिविस्मयः ॥ २३ ॥

sa dṛṣṭvā sthagitākāśaṃ calareṇupayodharaiḥ ,
prāktanīṃ rājatāṃ smṛtvā samuvācātivismayaḥ 23

23. saḥ dṛṣṭvā stagitākāśam calareṇupayodharaiḥ
prāktanīm rājatām smṛtvā samuvāca ativismayaḥ

23. saḥ calareṇupayodharaiḥ stagitākāśam dṛṣṭvā (ca)
prāktanīm rājatām smṛtvā ativismayaḥ samuvāca

23. Having seen the sky obscured by swirling dust-clouds, and remembering its former glory, he spoke, filled with great astonishment.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• स्तगिताकाशम् (stagitākāśam) - the sky being obscured/covered

• चलरेणुपयोधरैः (calareṇupayodharaiḥ) - by moving dust-clouds, by swirling clouds of dust

• प्राक्तनीम् (prāktanīm) - former, ancient

• राजताम् (rājatām) - splendor, glory, kingship, royal state

• स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - having remembered, recollecting

• समुवाच (samuvāca) - he spoke, he said

• अतिविस्मयः (ativismayaḥ) - greatly astonished, filled with great wonder

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the observer/speaker.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable participle formed from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

स्तगिताकाशम् (stagitākāśam) - the sky being obscured/covered

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of stagitākāśa

stagitākāśa - sky obscured, covered sky

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (stagita+ākāśa)

• stagita – covered, obstructed, hidden
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root stag (to cover, hide).
  Root: stag
• ākāśa – sky, ether, space
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

चलरेणुपयोधरैः (calareṇupayodharaiḥ) - by moving dust-clouds, by swirling clouds of dust

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of calareṇupayodhara

calareṇupayodhara - moving dust-cloud

Compound type : karmadhāraya-tatpuruṣa (cala+reṇu+payodhara)

• cala – moving, shaking, unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: cal (class 1)
• reṇu – dust, pollen
  noun (masculine)
• payodhara – cloud (lit. 'water-bearer'), breast
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of the covering.

प्राक्तनीम् (prāktanīm) - former, ancient

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāktanī

prāktanī - former, ancient, belonging to the past

Feminine form of prāktana.

राजताम् (rājatām) - splendor, glory, kingship, royal state

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājatā

rājatā - splendor, glory, brilliance, kingship, royal power

Derived from rājan (king).

Note: Object of smṛtvā.

स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - having remembered, recollecting

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable participle formed from root smṛ.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

समुवाच (samuvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect, from root vac with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac.

अतिविस्मयः (ativismayaḥ) - greatly astonished, filled with great wonder

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ativismaya

ativismaya - great astonishment, excessive wonder

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+vismaya)

• ati – very, exceedingly, beyond
  indeclinable
• vismaya – astonishment, wonder, surprise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies saḥ.