योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-9, verse-57

यं विनाऽर्कादयोऽप्येते प्रकाशास्तिमिरोपमाः ।
सति यस्मिन्प्रवर्तन्ते त्रिजगन्मृगतृष्णिकाः ॥ ५७ ॥

yaṃ vinā'rkādayo'pyete prakāśāstimiropamāḥ ,
sati yasminpravartante trijaganmṛgatṛṣṇikāḥ 57

57. yam vinā arkādayaḥ api ete prakāśāḥ timiropamāḥ
sati yasmin pravartante trijagat mṛgatṛṣṇikāḥ

57. yam vinā ete arkādayaḥ api prakāśāḥ timiropamāḥ (bhavanti); yasmin sati trijagat mṛgatṛṣṇikāḥ pravartante.

57. Without that ultimate reality, even these sources of light, such as the sun, become like darkness. But when that reality is present, the three worlds appear like mere mirages.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - the Supreme Reality (whom, which)

• विना (vinā) - without the presence or enabling power of (without, except for)

• अर्कादयः (arkādayaḥ) - various celestial bodies or sources of light, like the sun (the sun and others, starting with the sun)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• एते (ete) - these (referring to the sun and other lights) (these)

• प्रकाशाः (prakāśāḥ) - sources of light (lights, illuminations, splendors)

• तिमिरोपमाः (timiropamāḥ) - (become) like darkness, devoid of true light (resembling darkness, like darkness)

• सति (sati) - when that reality (the one referred to by 'yasmin') exists (being, existing, when it exists)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in or through whom (referring to the Supreme Reality) (in whom, in which, when)

• प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - the three worlds appear or seem to exist (they proceed, manifest, appear, begin)

• त्रिजगत् (trijagat) - the entire cosmos, all manifested existence (the three worlds (heaven, earth, and netherworld))

• मृगतृष्णिकाः (mṛgatṛṣṇikāḥ) - appear like mere mirages, implying illusoriness (mirages, deer's thirst)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - the Supreme Reality (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to the ultimate reality or Brahman.

विना (vinā) - without the presence or enabling power of (without, except for)

(indeclinable)

अर्कादयः (arkādayaḥ) - various celestial bodies or sources of light, like the sun (the sun and others, starting with the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arkādi

arkādi - the sun and so forth, beginning with the sun

Compound type : tatpurusha (arka+ādi)

• arka – sun, ray, crystal
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these (referring to the sun and other lights) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

प्रकाशाः (prakāśāḥ) - sources of light (lights, illuminations, splendors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, splendor, manifestation, appearance

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

तिमिरोपमाः (timiropamāḥ) - (become) like darkness, devoid of true light (resembling darkness, like darkness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of timiropama

timiropama - resembling darkness

Compound type : tatpurusha/bahuvrihi (timira+upama)

• timira – darkness, obscurity, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• upama – likeness, comparison, resembling
  adjective (masculine)

सति (sati) - when that reality (the one referred to by 'yasmin') exists (being, existing, when it exists)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, real, true

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'yasmin'.

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in or through whom (referring to the Supreme Reality) (in whom, in which, when)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to the ultimate reality or Brahman.

प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - the three worlds appear or seem to exist (they proceed, manifest, appear, begin)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pravart

Root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'trijagat mṛgatṛṣṇikāḥ'.

त्रिजगत् (trijagat) - the entire cosmos, all manifested existence (the three worlds (heaven, earth, and netherworld))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trijagat

trijagat - the three worlds

Compound type : dvigu (tri+jagat)

• tri – three
  numeral
• jagat – world, universe, moving
  noun (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Though 'jagat' is neuter singular, 'trijagat' often functions as a plural concept, hence the plural verb 'pravartante'.

मृगतृष्णिकाः (mṛgatṛṣṇikāḥ) - appear like mere mirages, implying illusoriness (mirages, deer's thirst)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mṛgatṛṣṇikā

mṛgatṛṣṇikā - mirage, deer's thirst, illusion

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛga+tṛṣṇikā)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• tṛṣṇikā – thirst, longing, mirage (derivative of tṛṣṇā)
  noun (feminine)
  Diminutive of tṛṣṇā