योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-9, verse-24

श्रीराम उवाच ।
कथमेवं वद ब्रह्मन्भूयते विषमा हि मे ।
दृष्टिरेषाथ दुष्प्राप्या दुराक्रम्येति निश्चयः ॥ २४ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
kathamevaṃ vada brahmanbhūyate viṣamā hi me ,
dṛṣṭireṣātha duṣprāpyā durākramyeti niścayaḥ 24

24. śrīrāma uvāca katham evam vada brahman bhūyate viṣamā
hi me dṛṣṭiḥ eṣā atha duṣprāpyā durākramyā iti niścayaḥ

24. śrīrāma uvāca brahman katham evam bhūyate vada hi me
eṣā dṛṣṭiḥ viṣamā duṣprāpyā atha durākramyā iti niścayaḥ

24. Śrī Rāma said: O Brahmin (brahman), please tell me how this (understanding) comes about in this way? Indeed, this perception (dṛṣṭi) of mine is difficult to obtain and difficult to master – this is my firm conviction.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma (name of a revered personality)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin, O holy one

• भूयते (bhūyate) - comes about, is experienced (is, becomes, occurs, is experienced)

• विषमा (viṣamā) - difficult, uneven, complicated, adverse

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• मे (me) - my, to me, of me

• दृष्टिः (dṛṣṭiḥ) - perception (dṛṣṭi) (view, perception, understanding, insight)

• एषा (eṣā) - this

• अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

• दुष्प्राप्या (duṣprāpyā) - difficult to obtain/reach

• दुराक्रम्या (durākramyā) - difficult to approach/master/overcome

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conclusion, firm conviction

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma (name of a revered personality)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Śrī Rāma

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root verb, perfect tense (liṭ) form.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root verb, imperative 2nd person singular.

Root: vad (class 1)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin, O holy one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, one who knows Brahman, a holy man

भूयते (bhūyate) - comes about, is experienced (is, becomes, occurs, is experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root verb, present tense, passive voice (or middle voice ātmanepada).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Can also be interpreted as Middle voice (ātmanepada) from bhū.

विषमा (viṣamā) - difficult, uneven, complicated, adverse

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, arduous, complicated, adverse

Note: Modifies 'dṛṣṭiḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, to me, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

दृष्टिः (dṛṣṭiḥ) - perception (dṛṣṭi) (view, perception, understanding, insight)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭi

dṛṣṭi - seeing, sight, view, vision, insight, understanding, doctrine

From root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एषा (eṣā) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Modifies 'dṛṣṭiḥ'.

अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

दुष्प्राप्या (duṣprāpyā) - difficult to obtain/reach

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duṣprāpya

duṣprāpya - difficult to obtain, hard to reach, inaccessible

Gerundive

Compound of 'dus-' (prefix for difficulty) and 'prāpya' (to be obtained).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+prāpya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• prāpya – to be obtained, attainable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root 'āp' with upasarga 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'dṛṣṭiḥ'.

दुराक्रम्या (durākramyā) - difficult to approach/master/overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durākramya

durākramya - difficult to approach, hard to master, unconquerable

Gerundive

Compound of 'dur-' (prefix for difficulty) and 'ākramya' (to be approached/mastered).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ākramya)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• ākramya – to be approached, to be mastered, to be overcome
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root 'kram' with upasarga 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dṛṣṭiḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conclusion, firm conviction

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, ascertainment, conclusion, firm conviction

From root 'ci' (to gather) with upasargas 'nis-' and 'śaya'.

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)