मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-130, verse-24
क्षत्रियाणां परमयं न विट्शूद्रद्विजन्मनाम् ।
दममाश्रित्य निष्पन्नः स चास्या दुहितुस्तव ॥२४॥
दममाश्रित्य निष्पन्नः स चास्या दुहितुस्तव ॥२४॥
24. kṣatriyāṇāṃ paramayaṃ na viṭśūdradvijanmanām .
damamāśritya niṣpannaḥ sa cāsyā duhitustava.
damamāśritya niṣpannaḥ sa cāsyā duhitustava.
24.
kṣatriyāṇām paramam ayam na viṭśūdradvijanmanām
damam āśritya niṣpannaḥ saḥ ca asyāḥ duhituḥ tava
damam āśritya niṣpannaḥ saḥ ca asyāḥ duhituḥ tava
24.
This (Gāndharva marriage) is supremely [suitable] for Kṣatriyas, but not for Vaiśyas, Śūdras, or those of twice-born (dvijanman) status [Brāhmaṇas]. And that [marriage] of your daughter was completed, based on [her] self-control (dama).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kṣatriyas, for Kṣatriyas
- परमम् (paramam) - supreme, best, highest; supremely
- अयम् (ayam) - refers to the Gāndharva marriage ritual (vidhiḥ) mentioned in the previous verse. (this, this one)
- न (na) - not, no
- विट्शूद्रद्विजन्मनाम् (viṭśūdradvijanmanām) - Refers to the other three social classes for whom the Gāndharva marriage is not deemed suitable. (for Vaiśyas, Śūdras, and Brāhmaṇas (twice-born))
- दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint, subjugation
- आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, depending on, based on
- निष्पन्नः (niṣpannaḥ) - accomplished, completed, produced
- सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Gāndharva marriage. (that, he)
- च (ca) - and
- अस्याः (asyāḥ) - Of your daughter. (of her, of this (feminine))
- दुहितुः (duhituḥ) - of the daughter
- तव (tava) - your, of you
Words meanings and morphology
क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kṣatriyas, for Kṣatriyas
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - Kṣatriya (member of the warrior class), noble, regal
परमम् (paramam) - supreme, best, highest; supremely
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of parama
parama - supreme, best, highest, ultimate
Note: Here used as a predicate adjective or adverb, describing the nature of 'ayam vidhiḥ'.
अयम् (ayam) - refers to the Gāndharva marriage ritual (vidhiḥ) mentioned in the previous verse. (this, this one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one
Demonstrative pronoun.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
विट्शूद्रद्विजन्मनाम् (viṭśūdradvijanmanām) - Refers to the other three social classes for whom the Gāndharva marriage is not deemed suitable. (for Vaiśyas, Śūdras, and Brāhmaṇas (twice-born))
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of viṭśūdradvijanman
viṭśūdradvijanman - Vaiśyas, Śūdras, and twice-born (Brāhmaṇas)
A dvandva compound listing three groups.
Compound type : dvandva (viś+śūdra+dvijanman)
- viś – Vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
noun (masculine) - śūdra – Śūdra (member of the servant class)
noun (masculine) - dvijanman – twice-born (referring to Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas who undergo upanayana; here specifically Brāhmaṇas in distinction to Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras already mentioned)
noun (masculine)
Compound of `dvi` (twice) and `janman` (birth).
दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint, subjugation
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - self-control, restraint, taming, subjugation
From root `dam` (to tame, control).
Root: dam (class 4)
Note: Object of `āśritya`.
आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, depending on, based on
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From `ā` + root `śri` (to resort to, serve).
Prefix: ā
Root: śri (class 1)
निष्पन्नः (niṣpannaḥ) - accomplished, completed, produced
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣpanna
niṣpanna - accomplished, completed, produced, obtained
Past Passive Participle
From `nis` + root `pad` (to go, fall).
Prefix: nis
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (that marriage).
सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Gāndharva marriage. (that, he)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
अस्याः (asyāḥ) - Of your daughter. (of her, of this (feminine))
(pronoun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of idam
idam - this, this one
Feminine genitive singular of `idam`.
दुहितुः (duhituḥ) - of the daughter
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of duhitar
duhitar - daughter
`ṛ`-ending noun.
तव (tava) - your, of you
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of yusmad
yusmad - you (plural or singular, as a possessive pronoun)
Genitive singular of `yusmad`.