मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-130, verse-19
दम उवाच ।
भो भूपा धर्मकृत्येषु यद्वदन्ति स्वयंवरम् ।
दशार्णपतिना भूपाः कृते धर्म्ये स्वयंवरे ।
अधर्मो वाऽथ वा धर्मो यदेभिर्गृह्यते बलात् ॥१९॥
भो भूपा धर्मकृत्येषु यद्वदन्ति स्वयंवरम् ।
दशार्णपतिना भूपाः कृते धर्म्ये स्वयंवरे ।
अधर्मो वाऽथ वा धर्मो यदेभिर्गृह्यते बलात् ॥१९॥
19. dama uvāca .
bho bhūpā dharmakṛtyeṣu yadvadanti svayaṃvaram .
daśārṇapatinā bhūpāḥ kṛte dharmye svayaṃvare .
adharmo vā'tha vā dharmo yadebhirgṛhyate balāt.
bho bhūpā dharmakṛtyeṣu yadvadanti svayaṃvaram .
daśārṇapatinā bhūpāḥ kṛte dharmye svayaṃvare .
adharmo vā'tha vā dharmo yadebhirgṛhyate balāt.
19.
damaḥ uvāca bho bhūpāḥ dharmakṛtyeṣu yat
vadanti svayaṃvaram daśārṇapatinā bhūpāḥ
kṛte dharmye svayaṃvare adharmaḥ vā
atha vā dharmaḥ yat ebhiḥ gṛhyate balāt
vadanti svayaṃvaram daśārṇapatinā bhūpāḥ
kṛte dharmye svayaṃvare adharmaḥ vā
atha vā dharmaḥ yat ebhiḥ gṛhyate balāt
19.
Dama said, "O kings, regarding what is called a svayaṃvara (self-choice marriage ceremony) in matters of natural law (dharma)—if, after the righteous (dharmya) svayaṃvara has been performed by the king of Daśārṇa, what is now being taken by force by these (kings) is considered either unrighteousness or righteousness (dharma)—"
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दमः (damaḥ) - Dama, the charioteer (Dama (proper name))
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke
- भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
- भूपाः (bhūpāḥ) - O kings, rulers
- धर्मकृत्येषु (dharmakṛtyeṣu) - in matters concerning natural law (dharma) (in matters of dharma, in righteous deeds)
- यत् (yat) - what (referring to "svayaṃvaram") (which, that which, because)
- वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak
- स्वयंवरम् (svayaṁvaram) - a svayaṃvara (self-choice marriage ceremony) (self-choice, marriage by self-choice)
- दशार्णपतिना (daśārṇapatinā) - by the lord of Daśārṇa, by the king of Daśārṇa
- भूपाः (bhūpāḥ) - O kings (vocative, repetition from earlier in the verse) (kings, rulers)
- कृते (kṛte) - having been performed (having been done, performed)
- धर्म्ये (dharmye) - righteous (in accordance with natural law) (righteous, lawful, according to dharma)
- स्वयंवरे (svayaṁvare) - in the svayaṃvara (self-choice marriage ceremony) (in the svayaṃvara, at the self-choice ceremony)
- अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (unrighteousness, injustice, vice)
- वा (vā) - or
- अथ (atha) - or else (then, thus, further, and, or)
- वा (vā) - or
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness (dharma) (righteousness, natural law, duty)
- यत् (yat) - that which (is taken) (which, that which, because)
- एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these (kings) (by these)
- गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is being taken/seized (is taken, is seized, is grasped)
- बलात् (balāt) - by force, violently
Words meanings and morphology
दमः (damaḥ) - Dama, the charioteer (Dama (proper name))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dama
dama - self-control, restraint, proper name
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect Active
Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada
Root: vac (class 2)
भो (bho) - O! (vocative particle)
(indeclinable)
भूपाः (bhūpāḥ) - O kings, rulers
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, plural of bhūpa
bhūpa - king, ruler
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhū+pa)
- bhū – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - pa – protector, preserver
noun (masculine)
agent noun
Derived from root 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
धर्मकृत्येषु (dharmakṛtyeṣu) - in matters concerning natural law (dharma) (in matters of dharma, in righteous deeds)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of dharmakṛtya
dharmakṛtya - righteous deed, religious act, matter of dharma
Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kṛtya)
- dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
noun (masculine) - kṛtya – duty, act, deed
noun (neuter)
gerundive/kṛtya participle
Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
यत् (yat) - what (referring to "svayaṃvaram") (which, that which, because)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, that which, because, since
वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vad
Present Active
Present tense, 3rd person plural, Parasmaipada
Root: vad (class 1)
स्वयंवरम् (svayaṁvaram) - a svayaṃvara (self-choice marriage ceremony) (self-choice, marriage by self-choice)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svayaṃvara
svayaṁvara - self-choice, a ceremony of choosing a husband
Compound type : tatpurusha (svayam+vara)
- svayam – by oneself, on one's own
indeclinable - vara – choosing, choice, wish, bridegroom
noun (masculine)
Derived from root 'vṛ' (to choose)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
दशार्णपतिना (daśārṇapatinā) - by the lord of Daśārṇa, by the king of Daśārṇa
(proper noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of daśārṇapati
daśārṇapati - king of Daśārṇa (a country)
Compound type : tatpurusha (daśārṇa+pati)
- daśārṇa – Daśārṇa (name of a country)
proper noun (neuter) - pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
noun (masculine)
भूपाः (bhūpāḥ) - O kings (vocative, repetition from earlier in the verse) (kings, rulers)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, plural of bhūpa
bhūpa - king, ruler
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhū+pa)
- bhū – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - pa – protector, preserver
noun (masculine)
agent noun
Derived from root 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
कृते (kṛte) - having been performed (having been done, performed)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed
Past Passive Participle
From root 'kṛ' (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Agrees with 'svayaṃvare'
धर्म्ये (dharmye) - righteous (in accordance with natural law) (righteous, lawful, according to dharma)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of dharmya
dharmya - righteous, lawful, proper, consistent with dharma
Note: Agrees with 'svayaṃvare'
स्वयंवरे (svayaṁvare) - in the svayaṃvara (self-choice marriage ceremony) (in the svayaṃvara, at the self-choice ceremony)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of svayaṃvara
svayaṁvara - self-choice, a ceremony of choosing a husband
Compound type : tatpurusha (svayam+vara)
- svayam – by oneself, on one's own
indeclinable - vara – choosing, choice, wish, bridegroom
noun (masculine)
Derived from root 'vṛ' (to choose)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (unrighteousness, injustice, vice)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma
adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dharma)
- a – not, non-
prefix - dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
noun (masculine)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अथ (atha) - or else (then, thus, further, and, or)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used with 'vā' to mean 'or else'
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness (dharma) (righteousness, natural law, duty)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
यत् (yat) - that which (is taken) (which, that which, because)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, that which, because, since
एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these (kings) (by these)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of idam
idam - this, these
गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is being taken/seized (is taken, is seized, is grasped)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of grah
Present Passive
Present tense, 3rd person singular, Atmanepada, passive voice
Root: grah (class 9)
बलात् (balāt) - by force, violently
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as an adverb