महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-36, verse-38

कस्मिंश्च कारणे तत्र विस्मितो यदुनन्दनः ।
विनिवृत्ता सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा कथमेतद्द्विजोत्तम ॥३८॥

38. kasmiṁśca kāraṇe tatra vismito yadunandanaḥ ,
vinivṛttā saricchreṣṭhā kathametaddvijottama.

38. kasmin ca kāraṇe tatra vismitaḥ yadunandanaḥ
vinivṛttā saricchreṣṭhā katham etat dvijottama

38. dvijottama,
kasmin ca kāraṇe tatra yadunandanaḥ vismitaḥ (abhūva)? saricchreṣṭhā katham vinivṛttā (abhūt)? etat (kathaya)

38. And for what reason was the descendant of Yadu (Balarama) astonished there? How did this preeminent river (Sarasvati) turn back, O best of the twice-born (dvijottama)?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in what, in which

• च (ca) - and, also

• कारणे (kāraṇe) - in the cause, in the reason, on account of

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place/circumstance

• विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished, amazed

• यदुनन्दनः (yadunandanaḥ) - Referring to Balarama. (descendant of Yadu, son of Yadu)

• विनिवृत्ता (vinivṛttā) - completely turned back, entirely returned

• सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा (saricchreṣṭhā) - Referring to the Sarasvati river. (the best of rivers, the preeminent river)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एतत् (etat) - this

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - Addressed to a Brahmana priest. (O best of the twice-born (dvija), O excellent Brahmana)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in what, in which

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कारणे (kāraṇe) - in the cause, in the reason, on account of

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place/circumstance

(indeclinable)

विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished, amazed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, struck with wonder

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smi (to wonder, smile) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

यदुनन्दनः (yadunandanaḥ) - Referring to Balarama. (descendant of Yadu, son of Yadu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yadunandana

yadunandana - son of Yadu, delight of Yadu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yadu+nandana)

• yadu – Yadu (name of an ancient king, ancestor of Krishna and Balarama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delighter
  noun (masculine)

विनिवृत्ता (vinivṛttā) - completely turned back, entirely returned

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vinivṛtta

vinivṛtta - turned back, retreated, ceased completely

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt with upasargas vi and ni.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा (saricchreṣṭhā) - Referring to the Sarasvati river. (the best of rivers, the preeminent river)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saricchreṣṭhā

saricchreṣṭhā - the best or most excellent of rivers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarit+śreṣṭhā)

• sarit – river, stream
  noun (feminine)
• śreṣṭhā – best, excellent, preeminent
  adjective (feminine)
  Superlative form of praśasya (excellent).

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - Addressed to a Brahmana priest. (O best of the twice-born (dvija), O excellent Brahmana)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best among the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (a term for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, or sometimes birds/teeth)
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)