महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-36, verse-37

जनमेजय उवाच ।
कस्मात्सरस्वती ब्रह्मन्निवृत्ता प्राङ्मुखी ततः ।
व्याख्यातुमेतदिच्छामि सर्वमध्वर्युसत्तम ॥३७॥

37. janamejaya uvāca ,
kasmātsarasvatī brahmannivṛttā prāṅmukhī tataḥ ,
vyākhyātumetadicchāmi sarvamadhvaryusattama.

37. janamejaya uvāca kasmāt sarasvatī brahman nivṛttā prāṅmukhī
tataḥ vyākhyātum etat icchāmi sarvam adhvaryusattama

37. janamejaya uvāca brahman,
adhvaryusattama,
kasmāt tataḥ sarasvatī prāṅmukhī nivṛttā? etat sarvam vyākhyātum icchāmi.

37. Janamejaya said: 'O Brahmin, why did the Sarasvati river turn back from that point, facing east? O best among the adhvaryu priests, I wish for you to explain all this to me.'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, for what reason)

• सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - the Sarasvati river (Sarasvati (river or goddess))

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin!

• निवृत्ता (nivṛttā) - turned back (the Sarasvati river) (turned back, ceased, retreated)

• प्राङ्मुखी (prāṅmukhī) - facing east

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that point (then, from there, thence)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to describe

• एतत् (etat) - all this (this, this one)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all this (all, whole, everything)

• अध्वर्युसत्तम (adhvaryusattama) - O best among adhvaryu priests!

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parikshit)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

root √vac (class 2), perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - the Sarasvati river (Sarasvati (river or goddess))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Sarasvati (name of a sacred river, and the goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, the Absolute Reality

निवृत्ता (nivṛttā) - turned back (the Sarasvati river) (turned back, ceased, retreated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, returned, ceased, retreated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root √vṛt (to turn, proceed) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्राङ्मुखी (prāṅmukhī) - facing east

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāṅmukhī

prāṅmukhī - facing east, eastward-facing

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prāṅc+mukha)

• prāṅc – eastern, facing east
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

ततः (tataḥ) - from that point (then, from there, thence)

(indeclinable)

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to describe

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of root √khyā (class 2) with prefixes vy-ā-

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - all this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, this one

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Present

root √iṣ (class 6), present 1st singular active

Root: iṣ (class 6)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all this (all, whole, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अध्वर्युसत्तम (adhvaryusattama) - O best among adhvaryu priests!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of adhvaryusattama

adhvaryusattama - best of adhvaryu priests

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhvaryu+sattama)

• adhvaryu – a priest who performs the practical part of a Vedic ritual
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of sat (good, excellent)