महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-36, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो विनशनं राजन्नाजगाम हलायुधः ।
शूद्राभीरान्प्रति द्वेषाद्यत्र नष्टा सरस्वती ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato vinaśanaṁ rājannājagāma halāyudhaḥ ,
śūdrābhīrānprati dveṣādyatra naṣṭā sarasvatī.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ vinaśanam rājan ājagāma
hala-āyudhaḥ śūdra-ābhīrān prati dveṣāt yatra naṣṭā sarasvatī

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca: rājan,
tataḥ hala-āyudhaḥ yatra sarasvatī śūdra-ābhīrān prati dveṣāt naṣṭā,
tam vinaśanam ājagāma.

1. Vaiśampayana said: 'O King, then Balarama (hala-āyudha) came to Vinaśana, where the Sarasvatī (Sarasvatī) river had disappeared due to her aversion towards the Śūdras and Ābhīras.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampayana, who is narrating the story. (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• विनशनम् (vinaśanam) - The specific place named Vinaśana. (Vinaśana (name of a place), disappearance)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to King Janamejaya. (O King!)

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, arrived

• हल-आयुधः (hala-āyudhaḥ) - one whose weapon is a plough, Balarama

• शूद्र-आभीरान् (śūdra-ābhīrān) - Two specific groups of people mentioned in ancient Indian society. (Śūdras and Ābhīras)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

• द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - out of hatred, due to aversion

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

• नष्टा (naṣṭā) - disappeared, lost, destroyed

• सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Refers to the sacred Sarasvatī river. (Sarasvatī (name of a sacred river and goddess))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampayana, who is narrating the story. (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a celebrated ancient sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

विनशनम् (vinaśanam) - The specific place named Vinaśana. (Vinaśana (name of a place), disappearance)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vinaśana

vinaśana - disappearance, destruction; name of a place where the Sarasvati river is said to disappear

From root naś (to perish, disappear) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to King Janamejaya. (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

हल-आयुधः (hala-āyudhaḥ) - one whose weapon is a plough, Balarama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hala-āyudha

hala-āyudha - one whose weapon is a plough; an epithet for Balarama

Bahuvrihi compound 'one whose weapon (āyudha) is a plough (hala)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hala+āyudha)

• hala – plough, plowshare
  noun (masculine)
• āyudha – weapon, implement, instrument
  noun (neuter)

शूद्र-आभीरान् (śūdra-ābhīrān) - Two specific groups of people mentioned in ancient Indian society. (Śūdras and Ābhīras)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūdra-ābhīra

śūdra-ābhīra - Śūdras and Ābhīras (members of specific social groups/castes)

Dvandva compound (copulative).

Compound type : dvandva (śūdra+ābhīra)

• śūdra – a member of the fourth varṇa (class) in Vedic society
  noun (masculine)
• ābhīra – a cowherd; name of a class or tribe of people
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - out of hatred, due to aversion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dveṣa

dveṣa - hatred, dislike, aversion, enmity

From root dviṣ (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Indicates cause or reason: 'due to hatred'.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

(indeclinable)

नष्टा (naṣṭā) - disappeared, lost, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, disappeared, destroyed, ruined, perished

Past Passive Participle

From root naś (to perish, disappear).

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'Sarasvatī'.

सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Refers to the sacred Sarasvatī river. (Sarasvatī (name of a sacred river and goddess))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - the Sarasvatī (river); goddess of learning, arts, and music