महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-36, verse-15

यत्र गर्गेण वृद्धेन तपसा भावितात्मना ।
कालज्ञानगतिश्चैव ज्योतिषां च व्यतिक्रमः ॥१५॥

15. yatra gargeṇa vṛddhena tapasā bhāvitātmanā ,
kālajñānagatiścaiva jyotiṣāṁ ca vyatikramaḥ.

15. yatra gargeṇa vṛddhena tapasā bhāvitātmanā
kālajñānagatiḥ ca eva jyotiṣām ca vyatikramaḥ

15. yatra vṛddhena tapasā bhāvitātmanā gargeṇa
kālajñānagatiḥ ca eva jyotiṣām ca vyatikramaḥ

15. Where, by the venerable Garga, whose inner self (ātman) was refined through spiritual discipline (tapas), there was knowledge of the course of time and the movements of celestial bodies.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• गर्गेण (gargeṇa) - by Garga

• वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by the old one, by the venerable one

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by spiritual discipline

• भावितात्मना (bhāvitātmanā) - by one whose inner self is purified/developed

• कालज्ञानगतिः (kālajñānagatiḥ) - the course of the knowledge of time

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

• ज्योतिषाम् (jyotiṣām) - of the celestial bodies, of the luminaries

• च (ca) - and, also

• व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - course, movement, transgression, irregularity

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

गर्गेण (gargeṇa) - by Garga

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of garga

garga - name of an ancient sage; a descendant of Garga

वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by the old one, by the venerable one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, venerable, grown, augmented

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by spiritual discipline

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, pain, suffering, spiritual discipline, austerity, penance

भावितात्मना (bhāvitātmanā) - by one whose inner self is purified/developed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāvitātman

bhāvitātman - whose self is purified/developed/cultivated

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhāvita+ātman)

• bhāvita – caused to be, cultivated, developed, purified, imagined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From causative root 'bhāvay' (derived from 'bhū' with ṇic suffix)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, breath
  noun (masculine)

कालज्ञानगतिः (kālajñānagatiḥ) - the course of the knowledge of time

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kālajñānagati

kālajñānagati - the movement/course of the knowledge of time

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+jñāna+gati)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, cognition
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• gati – motion, movement, course, progress, way
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

(indeclinable)

ज्योतिषाम् (jyotiṣām) - of the celestial bodies, of the luminaries

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of jyotis

jyotis - light, luster, star, celestial body, luminary

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - course, movement, transgression, irregularity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - transgression, violation, passing, movement, course, irregularity

From root 'kram' with prefixes 'vi' and 'ati'

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)