महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-36, verse-17

तत्र गर्गं महाभागमृषयः सुव्रता नृप ।
उपासां चक्रिरे नित्यं कालज्ञानं प्रति प्रभो ॥१७॥

17. tatra gargaṁ mahābhāgamṛṣayaḥ suvratā nṛpa ,
upāsāṁ cakrire nityaṁ kālajñānaṁ prati prabho.

17. tatra gargam mahābhāgam ṛṣayaḥ suvratāḥ nṛpa
upāsaṃ cakrire nityam kālajñānam prati prabho

17. nṛpa prabho tatra suvratāḥ ṛṣayaḥ mahābhāgam
gargam kālajñānam prati nityam upāsaṃ cakrire

17. O King, O Lord, there the sages (ṛṣi) of good vows constantly attended upon the greatly fortunate Garga, concerning the knowledge of time.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• गर्गम् (gargam) - Garga

• महाभागम् (mahābhāgam) - the greatly fortunate one, the illustrious one

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages

• सुव्रताः (suvratāḥ) - of good vows, virtuous

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• उपासं (upāsaṁ) - worship, attendance (verbal noun used in periphrastic perfect)

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they did, they made (auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

• कालज्ञानम् (kālajñānam) - knowledge of time

• प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

• प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

गर्गम् (gargam) - Garga

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garga

garga - name of an ancient sage; a descendant of Garga

महाभागम् (mahābhāgam) - the greatly fortunate one, the illustrious one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, illustrious, noble

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

सुव्रताः (suvratāḥ) - of good vows, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvrata

suvrata - of good vows, virtuous, pious, well-behaved

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+vrata)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
  prefix
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule
  noun (neuter)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

उपासं (upāsaṁ) - worship, attendance (verbal noun used in periphrastic perfect)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāsa

upāsa - worship, attendance, reverence

Root-form for periphrastic perfect

From root 'ās' (to sit) with prefix 'upa' (near, beside), forming a verbal noun or root-form used with 'kṛ' to form a periphrastic perfect.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Part of the periphrastic perfect 'upāsaṃ cakrire'

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they did, they made (auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect 'upāsaṃ cakrire'

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here adverbially

कालज्ञानम् (kālajñānam) - knowledge of time

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kālajñāna

kālajñāna - knowledge of time, astrology

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+jñāna)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, cognition
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

(indeclinable)

प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful, mighty

From root 'bhū' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)