महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-5

संजय उवाच ।
हतप्रहतविध्वस्ता विवर्मायुधवाहनाः ।
दीनस्वरा दूयमाना मानिनः शत्रुभिर्जिताः ॥५॥

5. saṁjaya uvāca ,
hataprahatavidhvastā vivarmāyudhavāhanāḥ ,
dīnasvarā dūyamānā māninaḥ śatrubhirjitāḥ.

5. saṃjayaḥ uvāca hata-prahata-vidhvastāḥ vivarma-āyudha-vāhanāḥ
dīna-svarāḥ dūyamānāḥ māninaḥ śatrubhiḥ jitāḥ

5. saṃjayaḥ uvāca māninaḥ hata-prahata-vidhvastāḥ
vivarma-āyudha-vāhanāḥ dīna-svarāḥ dūyamānāḥ śatrubhiḥ jitāḥ

5. Sañjaya said: [They were] struck, wounded, and shattered, stripped of their armor, weapons, and vehicles. Though proud, they were conquered by their enemies, their voices sorrowful and their hearts grieving.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• हत-प्रहत-विध्वस्ताः (hata-prahata-vidhvastāḥ) - struck, severely beaten, and shattered/destroyed

• विवर्म-आयुध-वाहनाः (vivarma-āyudha-vāhanāḥ) - without armor, weapons, or vehicles

• दीन-स्वराः (dīna-svarāḥ) - sorrowful-voiced, having a piteous cry

• दूयमानाः (dūyamānāḥ) - grieving, suffering, pained

• मानिनः (māninaḥ) - proud, arrogant, high-minded

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, Sañjaya (a proper name)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

हत-प्रहत-विध्वस्ताः (hata-prahata-vidhvastāḥ) - struck, severely beaten, and shattered/destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata-prahata-vidhvasta

hata-prahata-vidhvasta - struck, severely beaten, and shattered

Compound type : dvandva (hata+prahata+vidhvasta)

• hata – struck, killed, damaged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root `han` (to strike, kill) + `kta` suffix
  Root: han (class 2)
• prahata – severely struck, wounded, beaten
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix `pra` + root `han` (to strike, kill) + `kta` suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: han (class 2)
• vidhvasta – shattered, destroyed, ruined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix `vi` + root `dhvaṃs` (to fall, destroy) + `kta` suffix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors.

विवर्म-आयुध-वाहनाः (vivarma-āyudha-vāhanāḥ) - without armor, weapons, or vehicles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivarma-āyudha-vāhana

vivarma-āyudha-vāhana - lacking armor, weapons, and vehicles

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+varman+āyudha+vāhana)

• vi – without, lacking
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• varman – armor, shield
  noun (neuter)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
• vāhana – vehicle, mount
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors.

दीन-स्वराः (dīna-svarāḥ) - sorrowful-voiced, having a piteous cry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna-svara

dīna-svara - having a sorrowful voice, piteous-voiced

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dīna+svara)

• dīna – pitiable, sad, wretched
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root `dī` (to decay) + `na` suffix
  Root: dī (class 4)
• svara – voice, sound
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svar (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors.

दूयमानाः (dūyamānāḥ) - grieving, suffering, pained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dūyamāna

dūyamāna - grieving, suffering, pained

Present Passive Participle

Root `dū` (to burn, suffer) + `śānac` suffix (middle voice)

Root: dū (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors.

मानिनः (māninaḥ) - proud, arrogant, high-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānin

mānin - proud, conceited, self-respecting

Agent Noun

From root `man` (to think, believe) + `in` suffix

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Main subject, refers to the Kaurava warriors.

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Root `ji` (to conquer) + `kta` suffix

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors.