महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-15

कृतेऽवहारे सैन्यानां प्रवृत्ते च रणे पुनः ।
कथं वैकर्तनः कर्णस्तत्रायुध्यत संजय ।
कथं च पाण्डवाः सर्वे युयुधुस्तत्र सूतजम् ॥१५॥

15. kṛte'vahāre sainyānāṁ pravṛtte ca raṇe punaḥ ,
kathaṁ vaikartanaḥ karṇastatrāyudhyata saṁjaya ,
kathaṁ ca pāṇḍavāḥ sarve yuyudhustatra sūtajam.

15. kṛte avahāre sainyānām pravṛtte ca
raṇe punaḥ katham vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ
tatra ayudhyata saṃjaya katham ca
pāṇḍavāḥ sarve yuyudhuḥ tatra sūtajam

15. saṃjaya sainyānām avahāre kṛte ca
raṇe punaḥ pravṛtte tatra vaikartanaḥ
karṇaḥ katham ayudhyata ca tatra
sarve pāṇḍavāḥ sūtajam katham yuyudhuḥ

15. Sanjaya, when the armies had withdrawn and the battle had begun again, how did Karna, the son of Vikartana, fight there? And how did all the Pandavas fight against the charioteer's son (Karna) there?

Words meanings summery:

• कृते (kṛte) - Used in locative absolute construction: 'when the withdrawal had been made'. (having been done, performed, made, when done)

• अवहारे (avahāre) - Referring to the withdrawal of armies. (in withdrawal, in retreat, in removal)

• सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies, of the soldiers

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - Used in locative absolute construction: 'when the battle had begun'. (having commenced, having begun, in the commencement of)

• च (ca) - and, also

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war, in fight

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, back

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Another name for Karna, referring to his father Surya (also known as Vikartana). (Vaikartana (son of Vikartana))

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• तत्र (tatra) - Referring to the battlefield. (there, in that place)

• अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - fought, battled

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Dhritarashtra is addressing his charioteer and reporter, Sanjaya. (O Sanjaya)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• युयुधुः (yuyudhuḥ) - they fought

• तत्र (tatra) - Referring to the battlefield. (there, in that place)

• सूतजम् (sūtajam) - Referring to Karna. (charioteer's son, born of a charioteer)

Words meanings and morphology

कृते (kṛte) - Used in locative absolute construction: 'when the withdrawal had been made'. (having been done, performed, made, when done)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अवहारे (avahāre) - Referring to the withdrawal of armies. (in withdrawal, in retreat, in removal)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of avahāra

avahāra - withdrawal, retreat, removal, theft

Derived from root 'hṛ' with prefix 'ava-'.

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies, of the soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host of soldiers, pertaining to an army

Derived from 'senā' (army) with suffix '-ya'.

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - Used in locative absolute construction: 'when the battle had begun'. (having commenced, having begun, in the commencement of)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, engaged in, acting

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war, in fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, back

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Another name for Karna, referring to his father Surya (also known as Vikartana). (Vaikartana (son of Vikartana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - descendant of Vikartana (an epithet of the Sun-god); thus, Karna

Patronymic from 'vikartana'.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Kunti and Surya), ear

तत्र (tatra) - Referring to the battlefield. (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - fought, battled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Dhritarashtra is addressing his charioteer and reporter, Sanjaya. (O Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (Dhritarashtra's charioteer and confidant)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pandu, the Pandavas

Patronymic from 'paṇḍu'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

युयुधुः (yuyudhuḥ) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

तत्र (tatra) - Referring to the battlefield. (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

सूतजम् (sūtajam) - Referring to Karna. (charioteer's son, born of a charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūtaja

sūtaja - born of a charioteer, charioteer's son

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'sūta' (charioteer) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+ja)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from, son
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)