महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-44

न हि मां समरे सोढुं स शक्तोऽग्निं तरुर्यथा ।
अवश्यं तु मया वाच्यं येन हीनोऽस्मि फल्गुनात् ॥४४॥

44. na hi māṁ samare soḍhuṁ sa śakto'gniṁ taruryathā ,
avaśyaṁ tu mayā vācyaṁ yena hīno'smi phalgunāt.

44. na hi mām samare soḍhum saḥ śaktaḥ agnim taruḥ yathā
| avaśyam tu mayā vācyam yena hīnaḥ asmi phalgunāt

44. saḥ hi agnim taruḥ yathā mām samare soḍhum na śaktaḥ
tu mayā yena phalgunāt hīnaḥ asmi (tat) avaśyam vācyam

44. Indeed, he (Arjuna) is not capable of enduring me in battle, just as a tree cannot endure fire. However, I must certainly speak of that by which I am inferior to Arjuna (Phalguna).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, assuredly

• माम् (mām) - me

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to bear, to endure, to tolerate

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Arjuna (he, that)

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, strong

• अग्निम् (agnim) - fire

• तरुः (taruḥ) - tree

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, inevitably

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• मया (mayā) - by me

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken, to be said, to be told

• येन (yena) - by which, because of which

• हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived of, lacking, inferior

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• फल्गुनात् (phalgunāt) - from Arjuna, than Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, assuredly

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to bear, to endure, to tolerate

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from root sah (class 1, 4, 7, 10) with the suffix -tum

Root: sah (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - referring to Arjuna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful, mighty

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śak (to be able) with kta suffix.

Root: śak (class 5)

अग्निम् (agnim) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

तरुः (taruḥ) - tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taru

taru - tree

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

(indeclinable)

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, inevitably

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ava

Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Acts adverbially.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken, to be said, to be told

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, mentionable, proper to be spoken

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya or -yat

Root: vac (class 2)

येन (yena) - by which, because of which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Also can be neuter instrumental singular, but here refers to something (implicitly a 'quality' or 'factor')

हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived of, lacking, inferior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, devoid of, deprived of, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hā (to abandon, to leave) with kta suffix

Root: hā (class 3)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active

Root 'as' (class 2) present indicative active, first person singular

Root: as (class 2)

फल्गुनात् (phalgunāt) - from Arjuna, than Arjuna

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (a name)

Note: Ablative case indicates comparison or source of deficiency.

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