महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-4

एकोऽभ्यरक्षद्भरतानेको भवमतोषयत् ।
तेनैकेन जिताः सर्वे मदीया उग्रतेजसः ।
ते न निन्द्याः प्रशस्याश्च यत्ते चक्रुर्ब्रवीहि तत् ॥४॥

4. eko'bhyarakṣadbharatāneko bhavamatoṣayat ,
tenaikena jitāḥ sarve madīyā ugratejasaḥ ,
te na nindyāḥ praśasyāśca yatte cakrurbravīhi tat.

4. ekaḥ abhyarakṣat bharatān ekaḥ bhavam
atoṣayat tena ekena jitāḥ sarve
madīyāḥ ugra-tejasaḥ te na nindyāḥ
praśasyāḥ ca yat te cakruḥ bravīhi tat

4. ekaḥ bharatān abhyarakṣat ekaḥ bhavam
atoṣayat tena ekena sarve ugra-tejasaḥ
madīyāḥ jitāḥ te na nindyāḥ
ca praśasyāḥ yat te cakruḥ tat bravīhi

4. One individual protected the Bhāratas, and one individual pleased Bhava (Śiva). By that one individual, all my fierce-spirited warriors were conquered. Those warriors of mine are not to be blamed, but rather praised. Please tell me what action they performed.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - Arjuna (one, a single)

• अभ्यरक्षत् (abhyarakṣat) - protected

• भरतान् (bharatān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Bharatas, descendants of Bharata)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - Arjuna (one, a single)

• भवम् (bhavam) - the god Śiva (Bhava (a name of Śiva), existence)

• अतोषयत् (atoṣayat) - pleased, satisfied

• तेन (tena) - by Arjuna (by him, by that)

• एकेन (ekena) - by Arjuna (by one)

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• मदीयाः (madīyāḥ) - my (Duryodhana's) warriors (my, belonging to me)

• उग्र-तेजसः (ugra-tejasaḥ) - fierce-spirited, mighty, of terrible splendor

• ते (te) - my (Duryodhana's) fierce-spirited warriors (they)

• न (na) - not

• निन्द्याः (nindyāḥ) - to be blamed, blameworthy

• प्रशस्याः (praśasyāḥ) - to be praised, praiseworthy

• च (ca) - and

• यत् (yat) - the action that (what, which, that)

• ते (te) - my (Duryodhana's) fierce-spirited warriors (they)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they performed

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, say

• तत् (tat) - that action (that)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - Arjuna (one, a single)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

अभ्यरक्षत् (abhyarakṣat) - protected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhirakṣ

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Prefix: abhi

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भरतान् (bharatān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Bharatas, descendants of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - a descendant of Bharata, an actor, a name of India

एकः (ekaḥ) - Arjuna (one, a single)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

भवम् (bhavam) - the god Śiva (Bhava (a name of Śiva), existence)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - being, existence, world, Śiva

Root: bhū (class 1)

अतोषयत् (atoṣayat) - pleased, satisfied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of toṣ

Causative Imperfect

Causative stem `toṣaya`, Imperfect 3rd singular active

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Causative form.

तेन (tena) - by Arjuna (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एकेन (ekena) - by Arjuna (by one)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Root `ji` (to conquer) + `kta` suffix

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'madīyāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

मदीयाः (madīyāḥ) - my (Duryodhana's) warriors (my, belonging to me)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madīya

madīya - my, mine, belonging to me

Derived from `mad` (I)

उग्र-तेजसः (ugra-tejasaḥ) - fierce-spirited, mighty, of terrible splendor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ugra-tejas

ugra-tejas - of fierce valor, terrible energy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ugra+tejas)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, violent
  adjective (masculine)
• tejas – splendor, power, energy, spirit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'madīyāḥ'.

ते (te) - my (Duryodhana's) fierce-spirited warriors (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

निन्द्याः (nindyāḥ) - to be blamed, blameworthy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nindya

nindya - to be blamed, blameworthy, censurable

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Root `nind` (to blame) + `ya` suffix

Root: nind (class 1)

प्रशस्याः (praśasyāḥ) - to be praised, praiseworthy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praśasya

praśasya - to be praised, commendable

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Root `śaṃs` (to praise) + `ya` suffix + `pra` prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - the action that (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

ते (te) - my (Duryodhana's) fierce-spirited warriors (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect 3rd plural active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative 2nd singular active

Root: brū (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that action (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it