महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-11

तेऽपश्यन्विहितं व्यूहं धर्मराजेन दुर्जयम् ।
प्रयत्नात्कुरुमुख्येन बृहस्पत्युशनोमतात् ॥११॥

11. te'paśyanvihitaṁ vyūhaṁ dharmarājena durjayam ,
prayatnātkurumukhyena bṛhaspatyuśanomatāt.

11. te apaśyan vihitam vyūham dharmarājena durjayam
prayatnāt kurumukhyena bṛhaspaty-uśanomatāt

11. te kurumukhyena dharmarājena bṛhaspaty-uśanomatāt
prayatnāt vihitam durjayam vyūham apaśyan

11. They saw the battle array, impossible to conquer, which was carefully arranged by King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja), the chief among the Kurus, whose strategy was like that of Bṛhaspati and Uśanas (Śukra).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the kings allied with Duryodhana (they, those)

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw

• विहितम् (vihitam) - arranged, set up, performed, ordained

• व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle array, formation, disposition (of troops)

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by King Yudhiṣṭhira (by the king of justice (dharma), by King Yudhiṣṭhira)

• दुर्जयम् (durjayam) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome, impregnable

• प्रयत्नात् (prayatnāt) - carefully, with effort, assiduously

• कुरुमुख्येन (kurumukhyena) - by Yudhiṣṭhira, who is the chief among the Kurus (by the chief of the Kurus)

• बृहस्पत्य्-उशनोमतात् (bṛhaspaty-uśanomatāt) - by Yudhiṣṭhira, whose strategic acumen rivals Bṛhaspati and Uśanas (by one whose counsel/strategy is like Bṛhaspati and Uśanas)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the kings allied with Duryodhana (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect tense of the root dṛś (which uses paś as its present stem).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विहितम् (vihitam) - arranged, set up, performed, ordained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - arranged, placed, prepared, ordained, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root dhā (to place, put) with the prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vyūham'.

व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle array, formation, disposition (of troops)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - battle array, military formation, arrangement, disposition

Derived from the root ūh (to push, arrange) with the prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by King Yudhiṣṭhira (by the king of justice (dharma), by King Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of justice (dharma); King Yudhiṣṭhira (as proper noun); Yama, the lord of death and justice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, justice, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

दुर्जयम् (durjayam) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome, impregnable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durjaya

durjaya - difficult to conquer, unconquerable, invincible

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+jaya)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vyūham'.

प्रयत्नात् (prayatnāt) - carefully, with effort, assiduously

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

Derived from the root yat (to strive) with the prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'with effort' or 'carefully'.

कुरुमुख्येन (kurumukhyena) - by Yudhiṣṭhira, who is the chief among the Kurus (by the chief of the Kurus)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kurumukhya

kurumukhya - chief of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+mukhya)

• kuru – Kuru (an ancient dynasty and region)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost, main
  adjective (masculine)

बृहस्पत्य्-उशनोमतात् (bṛhaspaty-uśanomatāt) - by Yudhiṣṭhira, whose strategic acumen rivals Bṛhaspati and Uśanas (by one whose counsel/strategy is like Bṛhaspati and Uśanas)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspaty-uśanomat

bṛhaspaty-uśanomat - possessing the intellect or counsel of Bṛhaspati and Uśanas (Śukra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhaspati+uśanas+mata)

• bṛhaspati – Bṛhaspati (the preceptor of the gods, known for his wisdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• uśanas – Uśanas (also known as Śukra, the preceptor of the demons, also known for his wisdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mata – opinion, view, counsel, doctrine, intellect, mind
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  Derived from the root man (to think, perceive).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: The ablative case implies 'from one who has such a mind/counsel'.