महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-19

अहो बत महद्दुःखं यत्र पाण्डुसुतान्रणे ।
नातरद्रभसः कर्णो दैवं नूनं परायणम् ।
अहो द्यूतस्य निष्ठेयं घोरा संप्रति वर्तते ॥१९॥

19. aho bata mahadduḥkhaṁ yatra pāṇḍusutānraṇe ,
nātaradrabhasaḥ karṇo daivaṁ nūnaṁ parāyaṇam ,
aho dyūtasya niṣṭheyaṁ ghorā saṁprati vartate.

19. aho bata mahat duḥkhaṃ yatra pāṇḍusutān
raṇe | na atarat rabhasaḥ karṇaḥ
daivaṃ nūnaṃ parāyaṇam | aho dyūtasya
niṣṭhā iyaṃ ghorā saṃprati vartate

19. aho bata mahat duḥkhaṃ yatra raṇe
rabhasaḥ karṇaḥ pāṇḍusutān na atarat
nūnaṃ daivaṃ parāyaṇam aho dyūtasya
ghorā iyaṃ niṣṭhā saṃprati vartate

19. Alas, what great sorrow! For the impetuous Karna could not vanquish the sons of Pandu (pāṇḍusutān) in battle. Surely, fate (daiva) is the ultimate recourse. Alas, this dreadful consequence of gambling (dyūta) now prevails.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Expressing lamentation or wonder. (Alas, Oh!, Ah!)

• बत (bata) - Reinforcing the expression of sorrow. (Alas!, Oh! indeed!, surely!)

• महत् (mahat) - Describing the profound nature of the sorrow. (great, large, important)

• दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - The intense emotional pain felt by the speaker due to the situation. (sorrow, pain, suffering, misery)

• यत्र (yatra) - Introducing the reason for the sorrow, meaning 'in a situation where'. (where, in which case, when, since)

• पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - Referring collectively to the Pandava brothers. (sons of Pandu, Pandavas)

• रणे (raṇe) - The setting where Karna was unable to defeat the Pandavas. (in battle, on the battlefield)

• न (na) - Negating Karna's ability to cross/vanquish. (not, no)

• अतरत् (atarat) - Karna's failure to defeat or surpass the Pandavas. (crossed, passed over, vanquished, overcame)

• रभसः (rabhasaḥ) - Describing Karna's fierce and eager nature in battle, highlighting the contrast with his failure. (impetuous, violent, quick, eager)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The renowned warrior Karna. (Karna (name of a warrior))

• दैवं (daivaṁ) - Emphasizing the uncontrollable power of destiny in human affairs. (fate, destiny, divine will)

• नूनं (nūnaṁ) - Affirming the certainty that fate is supreme. (certainly, surely, indeed)

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - Fate is presented as the supreme and unavoidable power. (ultimate refuge, main object, highest goal, supreme resort)

• अहो (aho) - Expressing lamentation or wonder. (Alas, Oh!, Ah!)

• द्यूतस्य (dyūtasya) - Referring to the dice game that led to the Pandavas' exile and the war. (of gambling, of the game of dice)

• निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - The dire outcome or result of the gambling. (end, conclusion, consequence, determination, firm belief)

• इयं (iyaṁ) - Referring to the present outcome. (this (feminine))

• घोरा (ghorā) - Emphasizing the severity and terrifying nature of the consequence. (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

• संप्रति (saṁprati) - Indicating that this dreadful situation is happening right now. (now, at present, currently)

• वर्तते (vartate) - The dreadful consequence is currently existing/occurring. (exists, prevails, happens, is)

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Expressing lamentation or wonder. (Alas, Oh!, Ah!)

(indeclinable)

बत (bata) - Reinforcing the expression of sorrow. (Alas!, Oh! indeed!, surely!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'aho' for intensified lamentation.

महत् (mahat) - Describing the profound nature of the sorrow. (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhaṃ'.

दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - The intense emotional pain felt by the speaker due to the situation. (sorrow, pain, suffering, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery, discomfort

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'is'.

यत्र (yatra) - Introducing the reason for the sorrow, meaning 'in a situation where'. (where, in which case, when, since)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - Referring collectively to the Pandava brothers. (sons of Pandu, Pandavas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pandu, Pandava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+suta)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of 'atarat'.

रणे (raṇe) - The setting where Karna was unable to defeat the Pandavas. (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Denotes the place of action.

न (na) - Negating Karna's ability to cross/vanquish. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अतरत् (atarat) - Karna's failure to defeat or surpass the Pandavas. (crossed, passed over, vanquished, overcame)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tṛ

imperfect past

3rd person singular, imperfect active, Parasmaipada, from root tṛ (to cross, pass).

Root: tṛ (class 1)

रभसः (rabhasaḥ) - Describing Karna's fierce and eager nature in battle, highlighting the contrast with his failure. (impetuous, violent, quick, eager)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rabhasa

rabhasa - impetuous, violent, quick, eager, strong, vehement

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇaḥ'.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The renowned warrior Karna. (Karna (name of a warrior))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name); ear

Note: Subject of 'atarat'.

दैवं (daivaṁ) - Emphasizing the uncontrollable power of destiny in human affairs. (fate, destiny, divine will)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - fate, destiny, divine providence, relating to gods

Derived from deva (god).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नूनं (nūnaṁ) - Affirming the certainty that fate is supreme. (certainly, surely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - Fate is presented as the supreme and unavoidable power. (ultimate refuge, main object, highest goal, supreme resort)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - ultimate resort, final goal, chief object, refuge, dependent on

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ayaṇa)

• para – supreme, highest, ultimate, other
  adjective
• ayaṇa – going, course, path, refuge
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'daivaṃ'.

अहो (aho) - Expressing lamentation or wonder. (Alas, Oh!, Ah!)

(indeclinable)

द्यूतस्य (dyūtasya) - Referring to the dice game that led to the Pandavas' exile and the war. (of gambling, of the game of dice)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice, play

From root div (to play).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Denotes possession/relation for 'niṣṭhā'.

निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - The dire outcome or result of the gambling. (end, conclusion, consequence, determination, firm belief)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā

niṣṭhā - end, conclusion, consequence, determination, firm belief, state, position

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject.

इयं (iyaṁ) - Referring to the present outcome. (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'niṣṭhā'.

घोरा (ghorā) - Emphasizing the severity and terrifying nature of the consequence. (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghorā

ghorā - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable

Note: Agrees with 'niṣṭhā'.

संप्रति (saṁprati) - Indicating that this dreadful situation is happening right now. (now, at present, currently)

(indeclinable)

वर्तते (vartate) - The dreadful consequence is currently existing/occurring. (exists, prevails, happens, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

present indicative

3rd person singular, present indicative, Atmanepada.

Root: vṛt (class 1)