महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-22, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
स्वेन च्छन्देन नः सर्वान्नावधीद्व्यक्तमर्जुनः ।
न ह्यस्य समरे मुच्येतान्तकोऽप्याततायिनः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
svena cchandena naḥ sarvānnāvadhīdvyaktamarjunaḥ ,
na hyasya samare mucyetāntako'pyātatāyinaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca svena cchandena
naḥ sarvān na avadhīt
vyaktam arjunaḥ na hi asya samare
mucyeta antakaḥ api ātatāyinaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca vyaktam
arjunaḥ svena cchandena naḥ sarvān
na avadhīt hi asya samare
ātatāyinaḥ antakaḥ api na mucyeta

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "Surely, Arjuna did not kill all of us by his own free will. For in battle, even Death (antaka) himself, if he were an aggressor, would not escape Arjuna."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (narrator of the events) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• स्वेन (svena) - by his own

• च्छन्देन (cchandena) - by his free will (by will, by desire)

• नः (naḥ) - all of us (us, to us, our)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• न (na) - not

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he killed

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, certainly, evidently

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• अस्य (asya) - from him (Arjuna) (of him, from him)

• समरे (samare) - in battle

• मुच्येत (mucyeta) - would escape

• अन्तकः (antakaḥ) - the deity Death (Death, the Ender)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• आततायिनः (ātatāyinaḥ) - when acting as an aggressor (of an aggressor, from an aggressor)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (narrator of the events) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king of Hastinapura)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, sustained, borne
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

स्वेन (svena) - by his own

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, personal

Note: Agrees with 'cchandena'.

च्छन्देन (cchandena) - by his free will (by will, by desire)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cchanda

cchanda - will, desire, wish, free will

नः (naḥ) - all of us (us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Enclitic form of 1st person plural pronoun.

Note: Accusative plural, object of 'avadhīt'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'naḥ' (understood as masculine plural).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of han

Aorist Active

Aorist 3rd person singular of the root 'han'.

Root: han (class 2)

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, certainly, evidently

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'vyakta' (manifest, clear).

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Adverb.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pandava brothers), white, silvery

Note: Subject of 'avadhīt'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or causal particle.

अस्य (asya) - from him (Arjuna) (of him, from him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular, referring to Arjuna. Can function ablatively with 'mucyeta'.

समरे (samare) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Locative singular, indicating place.

मुच्येत (mucyeta) - would escape

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (liṅ) of muc

Optative Passive

Optative 3rd person singular, passive voice, of the root 'muc'.

Root: muc (class 6)

अन्तकः (antakaḥ) - the deity Death (Death, the Ender)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - ender, destroyer, Death (a name for Yama, the god of death)

From 'anta' (end) + suffix 'ka'.

Note: Subject of 'mucyeta'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'antakaḥ'.

आततायिनः (ātatāyinaḥ) - when acting as an aggressor (of an aggressor, from an aggressor)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātatāyin

ātatāyin - aggressor, assailant, one whose bow is drawn

Derived from 'ā-tata' (stretched, drawn) + '-in' (possessing).

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Genitive singular. Interpreted as qualifying 'antakaḥ', implying 'Death, even if he were an aggressor'.