महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-148, verse-44

किरन्तः शरवर्षाणि महान्ति दृढधन्विनः ।
न शक्नुवन्त्यवस्थातुं पीड्यमानाः शरार्चिषा ॥४४॥

44. kirantaḥ śaravarṣāṇi mahānti dṛḍhadhanvinaḥ ,
na śaknuvantyavasthātuṁ pīḍyamānāḥ śarārciṣā.

44. kirantaḥ śaravarṣāṇi mahānti dṛḍhadhanvinaḥ
na śaknuvanti avasthātum pīḍyamānāḥ śarārcīṣā

44. mahānti śaravarṣāṇi kirantaḥ dṛḍhadhanvinaḥ
śarārcīṣā pīḍyamānāḥ avasthātum na śaknuvanti

44. Even strong archers, though showering great hails of arrows, are unable to stand their ground, being tormented by the fiery impact of the arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• किरन्तः (kirantaḥ) - showering (arrows) (scattering, showering, throwing)

• शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows, hails of arrows

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, large, immense

• दृढधन्विनः (dṛḍhadhanvinaḥ) - strong archers (strong-bowed ones, archers with firm bows)

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - they are able, they can

• अवस्थातुम् (avasthātum) - to stand their ground (to stand, to remain, to endure)

• पीड्यमानाः (pīḍyamānāḥ) - being oppressed, being afflicted, being tormented

• शरार्चीषा (śarārcīṣā) - by the fiery impact of arrows (by the flame of arrows, by the fiery impact of arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

किरन्तः (kirantaḥ) - showering (arrows) (scattering, showering, throwing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kirat

kirat - scattering, throwing, showering, diffusing

Present Active Participle

From root kṛ (to scatter, throw), 6th class.

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (e.g., 'they' or 'archers').

शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows, hails of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, hail of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kirantaḥ'.

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, large, immense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

From root mah (to grow).

Root: mah (class 1)

दृढधन्विनः (dṛḍhadhanvinaḥ) - strong archers (strong-bowed ones, archers with firm bows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dṛḍhadhanvin

dṛḍhadhanvin - one with a firm bow, strong archer

Possessive adjective formed with 'in' suffix from 'dṛḍhadhanus' (firm bow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+dhanus)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, solid, resolute
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛh (to be firm).
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• dhanus – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied with 'śaknuvanti').

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - they are able, they can

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Active Indicative

From root śak, 5th class, Parasmaipada, Present Indicative, 3rd person plural.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Governs the infinitive 'avasthātum'.

अवस्थातुम् (avasthātum) - to stand their ground (to stand, to remain, to endure)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of avasthātum

Infinitive

From root sthā (to stand), with upasarga ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

पीड्यमानाः (pīḍyamānāḥ) - being oppressed, being afflicted, being tormented

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being oppressed, being hurt, being tormented, being distressed

Present Passive Participle

From root pīḍ (to oppress, hurt), with passive 'ya' and suffix 'śānac'.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

शरार्चीषा (śarārcīṣā) - by the fiery impact of arrows (by the flame of arrows, by the fiery impact of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śarārcis

śarārcis - flame of arrows, radiant arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+arcis)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• arcis – flame, ray, light, glow
  noun (feminine)
  Root: arc (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pīḍyamānāḥ'.