महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-148, verse-20

ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा स्वसैन्यं प्रेक्ष्य विद्रुतम् ।
अपयाने मतिं कृत्वा फल्गुनं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥२०॥

20. tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā svasainyaṁ prekṣya vidrutam ,
apayāne matiṁ kṛtvā phalgunaṁ vākyamabravīt.

20. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā svasainyam prekṣya vidrutam
apayāne matim kṛtvā phalgunam vākyam abravīt

20. tataḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ vidrutam svasainyam prekṣya
apayāne matim kṛtvā phalgunam vākyam abravīt

20. Then King Yudhishthira, observing his own army scattered, resolved to withdraw and spoke a statement to Phalguna (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• राजा (rājā) - king

• स्वसैन्यम् (svasainyam) - his own army

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed, looking upon

• विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - scattered, dispersed, fled

• अपयाने (apayāne) - in retreat, in fleeing, in withdrawal

• मतिम् (matim) - mind, thought, intention, resolve

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - to Arjuna (to Arjuna, to Phalguna)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to pronoun tad.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name); firm in battle

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm).

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to Yudhishthira.

स्वसैन्यम् (svasainyam) - his own army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svasainya

svasainya - one's own army

Compound of sva (own) and sainya (army).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+sainya)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of prekṣya.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed, looking upon

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga pra. Absolutive suffix -ya after upasarga.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Connects to abravīt.

विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - scattered, dispersed, fled

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - fled, run away, scattered, dispersed

Past Passive Participle

From root dru (to run) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

अपयाने (apayāne) - in retreat, in fleeing, in withdrawal

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apayāna

apayāna - retreat, departure, withdrawal

From root yā (to go) with upasarga apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the context of the intention.

मतिम् (matim) - mind, thought, intention, resolve

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, intellect, thought, intention, resolve

From root man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make). Absolutive suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects to abravīt.

फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - to Arjuna (to Arjuna, to Phalguna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (proper name); a kind of tree; the month Phalguna

Note: Direct object of abravīt (as the recipient of speech).

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Derived from vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root bru (class 2). Imperfect 3rd person singular. Augment 'a'.

Root: bru (class 2)