महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-148, verse-18

अवेक्षमाणास्तेऽन्योन्यं सुसंमूढा विचेतसः ।
नाशक्नुवन्नवस्थातुं काल्यमाना महात्मना ॥१८॥

18. avekṣamāṇāste'nyonyaṁ susaṁmūḍhā vicetasaḥ ,
nāśaknuvannavasthātuṁ kālyamānā mahātmanā.

18. avekṣamāṇāḥ te anyonyam susaṃmūḍhāḥ vicetasaḥ
na aśaknuvan avasthātum kālyamānāḥ mahātmanā

18. te anyonyam avekṣamāṇāḥ susaṃmūḍhāḥ vicetasaḥ
mahātmanā kālyamānāḥ avasthātum na aśaknuvan

18. Utterly bewildered and devoid of sense, they looked at each other, unable to stand firm as they were driven relentlessly by the great-souled one (mahātman).

Words meanings summery:

• अवेक्षमाणाः (avekṣamāṇāḥ) - looking at, observing, perceiving

• ते (te) - they, those

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• सुसंमूढाः (susaṁmūḍhāḥ) - utterly bewildered, completely confounded, greatly deluded

• विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - senseless, distraught, bewildered, without consciousness

• न (na) - not, nor, no

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were not able, they could not

• अवस्थातुम् (avasthātum) - to stand firm, to remain, to stay

• काल्यमानाः (kālyamānāḥ) - being driven, being pressed hard, being urged on

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Drona (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

अवेक्षमाणाः (avekṣamāṇāḥ) - looking at, observing, perceiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avekṣamāṇa

avekṣamāṇa - looking on, beholding, observing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga ava. Present middle participle suffix -māna.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - one another, mutual

A compound of anya (other) and anya (other).

Compound type : Dvandva (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: Often used adverbially in the accusative singular neuter.

सुसंमूढाः (susaṁmūḍhāḥ) - utterly bewildered, completely confounded, greatly deluded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of susaṃmūḍha

susaṁmūḍha - utterly bewildered, greatly confused

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered) with upasarga sam, intensified by su.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+sammūḍha)

• su – good, well, excellent, intensely
  indeclinable
• sammūḍha – bewildered, deluded, confused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root muh with upasarga sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: muh (class 4)

विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - senseless, distraught, bewildered, without consciousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vicetas

vicetas - senseless, distraught, confused, unconscious

Compound of vi (without) and cetas (mind, consciousness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, nor, no

(indeclinable)

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were not able, they could not

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root śak (class 5). Imperfect 3rd person plural. Augment 'a' for past tense.

Root: śak (class 5)

अवस्थातुम् (avasthātum) - to stand firm, to remain, to stay

(infinitive)

काल्यमानाः (kālyamānāḥ) - being driven, being pressed hard, being urged on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kālyamāna

kālyamāna - being driven, being pursued, being pressed

Present Passive Participle

From root kal (to drive, urge) in the passive voice, present participle (-māna).

Root: kal (class 10)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Drona (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent; a great person; the supreme spirit (ātman)

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle kālyamānāḥ.