महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-148, verse-19

कर्णेनाभ्याहता राजन्पाञ्चालाः परमेषुभिः ।
द्रोणेन च दिशः सर्वा वीक्षमाणाः प्रदुद्रुवुः ॥१९॥

19. karṇenābhyāhatā rājanpāñcālāḥ parameṣubhiḥ ,
droṇena ca diśaḥ sarvā vīkṣamāṇāḥ pradudruvuḥ.

19. karṇena abhyāhatāḥ rājan pāñcālāḥ parameṣubhiḥ
droṇena ca diśaḥ sarvāḥ vīkṣamāṇāḥ pradudruvuḥ

19. rājan karṇena parameṣubhiḥ abhyāhatāḥ ca droṇena
sarvāḥ diśaḥ vīkṣamāṇāḥ pāñcālāḥ pradudruvuḥ

19. O king, the Panchalas, struck by Karna with supreme arrows, and constantly looking in all directions, fled before Drona.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

• अभ्याहताः (abhyāhatāḥ) - struck, assailed, hit

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from Panchala kingdom)

• परमेषुभिः (parameṣubhiḥ) - with excellent arrows, by supreme arrows

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• च (ca) - and, also

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - looking, observing, gazing

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name); ear

Note: Agent of abhyāhatāḥ.

अभ्याहताः (abhyāhatāḥ) - struck, assailed, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, assailed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with upasargas abhi and ā.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies pāñcālāḥ.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to Dhritarashtra.

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from Panchala kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king of the Panchalas; the people of Panchala

Derived from Pañcāla (name of a country/people).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

परमेषुभिः (parameṣubhiḥ) - with excellent arrows, by supreme arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of parameṣu

parameṣu - excellent arrow, supreme arrow

Compound of parama (supreme, excellent) and iṣu (arrow).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+iṣu)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of striking.

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name); a measure of grain; a kind of bird

Note: Agent from whom they flee (implied).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects agents or implies 'also because of Drona'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of vīkṣamāṇāḥ.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Qualifies diśaḥ.

वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - looking, observing, gazing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīkṣamāṇa

vīkṣamāṇa - looking, seeing, observing

Present Middle Participle

From root īkṣ (to see) with upasarga vi. Present middle participle suffix -māna.

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies pāñcālāḥ.

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pradru

Perfect (Lit)

From root dru (to run) with upasarga pra. Perfect 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.