महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-141, verse-9

सोऽतिविद्धो बलवता शत्रुणा शत्रुतापनः ।
धनुरन्यत्समादाय सात्वतं प्रत्यविध्यत ॥९॥

9. so'tividdho balavatā śatruṇā śatrutāpanaḥ ,
dhanuranyatsamādāya sātvataṁ pratyavidhyata.

9. saḥ ati-viddhaḥ balavatā śatruṇā śatru-tāpanaḥ
dhanuḥ anyat samādāya sātvatam pratyavidhyata

9. saḥ śatru-tāpanaḥ balavatā śatruṇā ati-viddhaḥ
anyat dhanuḥ samādāya sātvatam pratyavidhyata

9. Though deeply pierced by the powerful enemy, he, the tormentor of foes, took up another bow and pierced Sātyaki in return.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• अति-विद्धः (ati-viddhaḥ) - deeply pierced (deeply pierced, severely struck)

• बलवता (balavatā) - by the powerful (by the strong one, by the powerful)

• शत्रुणा (śatruṇā) - by the enemy

• शत्रु-तापनः (śatru-tāpanaḥ) - tormentor of foes (tormentor of foes, one who afflicts enemies)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - a bow (bow)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another (other, another)

• समादाय (samādāya) - taking up (having taken, taking up, seizing)

• सात्वतम् (sātvatam) - Sātyaki (Sātyaki, a descendant of Satvata, a warrior of the Vrishni clan)

• प्रत्यविध्यत (pratyavidhyata) - pierced in return (he pierced back, he struck in return)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the warrior who was pierced (the one with the broken bow).

अति-विद्धः (ati-viddhaḥ) - deeply pierced (deeply pierced, severely struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ati-viddha

ati-viddha - severely pierced, deeply struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce) with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

बलवता (balavatā) - by the powerful (by the strong one, by the powerful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Agrees with 'śatruṇā'.

शत्रुणा (śatruṇā) - by the enemy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Denotes the agent of piercing.

शत्रु-तापनः (śatru-tāpanaḥ) - tormentor of foes (tormentor of foes, one who afflicts enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru-tāpana

śatru-tāpana - tormentor of enemies, afflicter of foes

Compound noun acting as an epithet

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+tāpana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – heating, tormenting, afflicting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from √tap
  Derived from root √tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the subject 'saḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - a bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of 'samādāya'.

अन्यत् (anyat) - another (other, another)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

समादाय (samādāya) - taking up (having taken, taking up, seizing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root √dā (to give, take) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Absolutive form indicating action preceding the main verb.

सात्वतम् (sātvatam) - Sātyaki (Sātyaki, a descendant of Satvata, a warrior of the Vrishni clan)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - a descendant of Satvata, a warrior of the Vrishni clan, Sātyaki (proper noun)

Note: Object of 'pratyavidhyata'.

प्रत्यविध्यत (pratyavidhyata) - pierced in return (he pierced back, he struck in return)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of vyadh

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Imperfect tense, middle voice form. Prefix 'prati' indicates 'in return' or 'against'.