महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-141, verse-55

पुत्रस्तु तव राजेन्द्र रथाद्धेमपरिष्कृतात् ।
आप्लुतः सहसा यानं नन्दकस्य महात्मनः ॥५५॥

55. putrastu tava rājendra rathāddhemapariṣkṛtāt ,
āplutaḥ sahasā yānaṁ nandakasya mahātmanaḥ.

55. putraḥ tu tava rājendra rathāt hemapariṣkṛtāt
āplutaḥ sahasā yānam nandakasya mahātmanaḥ

55. rājendra tu tava putraḥ sahasā hemapariṣkṛtāt
rathāt mahātmanaḥ nandakasya yānam āplutaḥ

55. But your son, O king among kings, suddenly jumped from that gold-adorned chariot onto the vehicle of the great-souled Nandaka.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• तव (tava) - your (son) (your, of you)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king among kings (O king of kings, O best of kings)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• हेमपरिष्कृतात् (hemapariṣkṛtāt) - gold-adorned (chariot) (adorned with gold, embellished with gold)

• आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - jumped down (jumped down, sprang, plunged)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, by force)

• यानम् (yānam) - vehicle (vehicle, carriage, going)

• नन्दकस्य (nandakasya) - of Nandaka (proper noun, referring to a specific charioteer or person) (of Nandaka)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Nandaka) (of the great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your (son) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king among kings (O king of kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, best of kings

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

From root ram (to enjoy) or rāj (to rule).

Root: ram/rāj

Note: Denotes origin of movement.

हेमपरिष्कृतात् (hemapariṣkṛtāt) - gold-adorned (chariot) (adorned with gold, embellished with gold)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hemapariṣkṛta

hemapariṣkṛta - adorned with gold, embellished with gold

Past Passive Participle

Compound of hema (gold) and pariṣkṛta (adorned), from root kṛ (to make) with prefix pari-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hema+pariṣkṛta)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• pariṣkṛta – adorned, decorated, prepared
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to make) with prefix pari-.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with rathāt.

आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - jumped down (jumped down, sprang, plunged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpluta

āpluta - jumped down, plunged, immersed

Past Passive Participle

From root plu (to float, jump) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with putraḥ.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, by force)

(indeclinable)

यानम् (yānam) - vehicle (vehicle, carriage, going)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yāna

yāna - vehicle, carriage, going

From root yā (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

नन्दकस्य (nandakasya) - of Nandaka (proper noun, referring to a specific charioteer or person) (of Nandaka)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nandaka

nandaka - Nandaka (a proper name)

Note: Possessive, referring to whose vehicle.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Nandaka) (of the great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with nandakasya.