महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-141, verse-30

स तैरभ्यायतैर्विद्धो राक्षसेन महाबलः ।
चचाल समरे द्रौणिर्वातनुन्न इव द्रुमः ।
स मोहमनुसंप्राप्तो ध्वजयष्टिं समाश्रितः ॥३०॥

30. sa tairabhyāyatairviddho rākṣasena mahābalaḥ ,
cacāla samare drauṇirvātanunna iva drumaḥ ,
sa mohamanusaṁprāpto dhvajayaṣṭiṁ samāśritaḥ.

30. sa taiḥ abhyāyataiḥ viddhaḥ rākṣasena
mahābalaḥ cacāla samare drauṇiḥ
vātanunnaḥ iva drumaḥ sa moham
anusaṃprāptaḥ dhvajayaṣṭim samāśritaḥ

30. saḥ mahābalaḥ drauṇiḥ rākṣasena taiḥ
abhyāyataiḥ viddhaḥ samare vātanunnaḥ
drumaḥ iva cacāla saḥ moham
anusaṃprāptaḥ dhvajayaṣṭim samāśritaḥ

30. That mighty Droṇa's son (Ashvatthama), pierced by those swiftly arriving (abhyāyataiḥ) arrows from the Rākṣasa, trembled in battle like a tree shaken by the wind. He then fell into a stupor and leaned upon his flag-pole.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to Ashvatthama) (he, that)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (arrows) (by them, with those)

• अभ्यायतैः (abhyāyataiḥ) - by those swiftly arriving (arrows) (by those approaching, by those swift-moving)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced (pierced, wounded, struck)

• राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by the Rākṣasa (Ghaṭotkaca) (by the Rakshasa)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty (mighty, greatly powerful)

• चचाल (cacāla) - trembled (trembled, swayed, moved)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇa's son (Ashvatthama) (Droni's son (Ashvatthama))

• वातनुन्नः (vātanunnaḥ) - shaken by the wind (struck by the wind, shaken by the wind)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree (tree)

• स (sa) - he (referring to Ashvatthama) (he, that)

• मोहम् (moham) - a stupor, unconsciousness (delusion, infatuation, unconsciousness)

• अनुसंप्राप्तः (anusaṁprāptaḥ) - having fallen into (a stupor) (having attained, having reached, overcome by)

• ध्वजयष्टिम् (dhvajayaṣṭim) - his flag-pole (flag-pole, banner-staff)

• समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - leaned upon (having taken refuge in, resorted to, leaned upon)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to Ashvatthama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (arrows) (by them, with those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrows mentioned in the previous verse.

अभ्यायतैः (abhyāyataiḥ) - by those swiftly arriving (arrows) (by those approaching, by those swift-moving)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of abhyāyata

abhyāyata - approached, swiftly arriving, extended

Past Passive Participle

from abhi-ā-√yam (to approach, extend towards)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced (pierced, wounded, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

from √vyadh (to pierce, strike)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by the Rākṣasa (Ghaṭotkaca) (by the Rakshasa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a giant, a Rakshasa

Note: Agent of the passive participle viddhaḥ.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty (mighty, greatly powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, mighty, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with drauṇiḥ/sa.

चचाल (cacāla) - trembled (trembled, swayed, moved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of cal

perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular, active of √cal (class 1)

Root: cal (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇa's son (Ashvatthama) (Droni's son (Ashvatthama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Ashvatthama

patronymic from Droṇa

Note: Subject of cacāla.

वातनुन्नः (vātanunnaḥ) - shaken by the wind (struck by the wind, shaken by the wind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātanunna

vātanunna - pushed by wind, shaken by wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+nunna)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• nunna – pushed, impelled, thrown
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √nud (to push, impel)
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with drauṇiḥ.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree (tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree, wood

Root: dru

Note: In comparison with Droṇi.

स (sa) - he (referring to Ashvatthama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मोहम् (moham) - a stupor, unconsciousness (delusion, infatuation, unconsciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, unconsciousness, bewilderment

from √muh (to be bewildered, faint)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Object of anusaṃprāptaḥ.

अनुसंप्राप्तः (anusaṁprāptaḥ) - having fallen into (a stupor) (having attained, having reached, overcome by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusaṃprāpta

anusaṁprāpta - reached, attained, overcome, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

from anu-sam-√prāp (to arrive at, obtain, experience)

Prefixes: anu+sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used adverbially.

ध्वजयष्टिम् (dhvajayaṣṭim) - his flag-pole (flag-pole, banner-staff)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhvajayaṣṭi

dhvajayaṣṭi - flag-staff, banner-pole

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhvaja+yaṣṭi)

• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
• yaṣṭi – staff, stick, pole
  noun (feminine)

समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - leaned upon (having taken refuge in, resorted to, leaned upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, sought refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

from sam-ā-√śri (to resort to, take refuge in, lean on)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.