महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-141, verse-12

स तु शक्त्या विभिन्नाङ्गो निपपात रथोत्तमात् ।
लोहिताङ्ग इवाकाशाद्दीप्तरश्मिर्यदृच्छया ॥१२॥

12. sa tu śaktyā vibhinnāṅgo nipapāta rathottamāt ,
lohitāṅga ivākāśāddīptaraśmiryadṛcchayā.

12. saḥ tu śaktyā vibhinnāṅgaḥ nipapāta rathottamāt
lohitāṅgaḥ iva ākāśāt dīptaraśmiḥ yadṛcchayā

12. saḥ tu śaktyā vibhinnāṅgaḥ rathottamāt nipapāta,
ākāśāt yadṛcchayā dīptaraśmiḥ lohitāṅgaḥ iva.

12. But he, whose limbs were rent by the spear (śakti), fell from the excellent chariot, like a ruddy-bodied (lohitāṅga) planet with brilliant rays falling from the sky by chance.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by the spear (by power, by strength, by a spear, by a divine energy (śakti))

• विभिन्नाङ्गः (vibhinnāṅgaḥ) - whose limbs are broken/rent, having a dismembered body

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

• रथोत्तमात् (rathottamāt) - from the best chariot, from the excellent chariot

• लोहिताङ्गः (lohitāṅgaḥ) - referring to the planet Mars, which is considered ruddy-bodied (red-bodied, ruddy-bodied)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from the sky, from space

• दीप्तरश्मिः (dīptaraśmiḥ) - with shining rays, brilliant-rayed

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, spontaneously, accidentally

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by the spear (by power, by strength, by a spear, by a divine energy (śakti))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, ability, faculty, spear, divine energy

विभिन्नाङ्गः (vibhinnāṅgaḥ) - whose limbs are broken/rent, having a dismembered body

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhinnāṅga

vibhinnāṅga - whose limbs are broken, dismembered

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vibhinnā+aṅga)

• vibhinnā – broken, rent, split (feminine form of vibhinna)
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhid (to split, break) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nipāt

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root pat with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

रथोत्तमात् (rathottamāt) - from the best chariot, from the excellent chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - best of chariots, excellent chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

लोहिताङ्गः (lohitāṅgaḥ) - referring to the planet Mars, which is considered ruddy-bodied (red-bodied, ruddy-bodied)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lohitāṅga

lohitāṅga - red-bodied, ruddy-bodied, the planet Mars

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (lohita+aṅga)

• lohita – red, ruddy, blood-red
  adjective (masculine)
• aṅga – body, limb, part
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from the sky, from space

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

दीप्तरश्मिः (dīptaraśmiḥ) - with shining rays, brilliant-rayed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīptaraśmi

dīptaraśmi - having brilliant rays

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīpta+raśmi)

• dīpta – shining, radiant, blazing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dīp (to shine, blaze).
  Root: dīp (class 4)
• raśmi – ray, beam, rope
  noun (masculine)

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, spontaneously, accidentally

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - free will, spontaneity, chance, accident